Christian Missionaries and Modernization in China: The Evolution of meanings and Functions

This article analyses the role of Christian missionaries in the Modernization of China. The paper will examine the historical developments of Christianity's arrival in China, and the function of Jesuit and Protestant missionary groups. Furthermore, it will indicate that although the primary purpose of all missionaries was to evangelize the Chinese heathen, this developed gradually as historical and cultural conditions in China and the West changed. How did the conditions for this development come about? In sum, there were three categories of factors influencing this development including the demands of the "Treaty system", and the new relations of the weakened Qing government with the Western powers; the Protestant theological-social disputes in the West over the impossibility of Evangelization of other people in the world; China's particular climate and catastrophic natural events such as drought, floods and the like. In contrast to Jesuits, Protestant missionaries replaced the policy of Vernacularation with that of Inculturalization; replaced the Bottom-up Conversion with Top-down Conversion and, more important, they replaced Modernization with Evangelization. In sum, the religious motives of the Christian missionaries, unwittingly, made Chinese society and the government more rational, and more secular. They contributed to the emergence of new regimes and movements and elites that eventually acted against the missionaries themselves. In this paper, the Weberian approach is used for analysis of actions and subjective meanings of Christian missionaries

Improving Robustness in Social Fabric-based Cultural Algorithms

In this thesis, we propose two new approaches which aim at improving robustness in social fabric-based cultural algorithms. Robustness is one of the most significant issues when designing evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms should be capable of adapting themselves to various search landscapes. In the first proposed approach, we utilize the dynamics of social interactions in solving complex and multi-modal problems. In the literature of Cultural Algorithms, Social fabric has been suggested as a new method to use social phenomena to improve the search process of CAs. In this research, we introduce the Irregular Neighborhood Restructuring as a new adaptive method to allow individuals to rearrange their neighborhoods to avoid local optima or stagnation during the search process. In the second approach, we apply the concept of Confidence Interval from Inferential Statistics to improve the performance of knowledge sources in the Belief Space. This approach aims at improving the robustness and accuracy of the normative knowledge source. It is supposed to be more stable against sudden changes in the values of incoming solutions. The IEEE-CEC2015 benchmark optimization functions are used to evaluate our proposed methods against standard versions of CA and Social Fabric. IEEE-CEC2015 is a set of 15 multi-modal and hybrid functions which are used as a standard benchmark to evaluate optimization algorithms. We observed that both of the proposed approaches produce promising results on the majority of benchmark functions. Finally, we state that our proposed strategies enhance the robustness of the social fabric-based CAs against challenges such as multi-modality, copious local optima, and diverse landscapes

Effect of vitamin D3 supplement in glycemic control of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency

Background: Glycemic control prevents microvascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy that influences quality of life. Some studies show the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D in synthesis and secretion of insulin. Aims: In this study we evaluate glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in children with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: In children with type I diabetes mellitus, level of vitamin D and HbA1C was measured. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency (25OHD 9.9. This supplement transfer patients toward better glycemic control for the entire group (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplement improves HbA1C in pediatrics with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All Rights Reserved

A heterogeneous short-range communication platform for internet of vehicles

The automotive industry is rapidly accelerating toward the development of innovative industry applications that feature management capabilities for data and applications alike in cars. In this regard, more internet of vehicles solutions are emerging through advancements of various wireless medium access-control technologies and the internet of things. In the present work, we develop a short-range communication–based vehicular system to support vehicle communication and remote car control. We present a combined hardware and software testbed that is capable of controlling a vehicle’s start-up, operation and several related functionalities covering various vehicle metric data. The testbed is built from two microcontrollers, Arduino and Raspberry Pi 3, each of which individually controls certain functions to improve the overall vehicle control. The implementation of the heterogeneous communication module is based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 medium access control technologies. Further, a control module on a smartphone was designed and implemented for efficient management. Moreover, we study the system connectivity performance by measuring various important parameters including the coverage distance, signal strength, download speed and latency. This study covers the use of this technology setup in different geographical areas over various time spans

ANALISA PERKEMBANGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN ATLET LOMPAT JAUH SISWA KELAS 3-4 SEKOLAH DASAR PUTRA DALAM PERLOMBAAN POTENSI ATLETIK SE-BANDUNG RAYA TAHUN 2016 DAN 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan keikutsertaan lompat jauh siswa kelas 3-4 sekolah dasar putra dalam perlombaan potensi atletik se-Bandung Raya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin mengungkapkan profil perkembangan keikutsertaan atlet lompat jauh siswa kelas 3-4 sekolah dasar putra dalam perlombaan potensi atletik se-Bandung Raya tahun 2016-2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode ex post facto, dan menggunakan instrumen berupa dokumentasi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling, dengan menjadikan seluruh peserta perlombaan potensi atletik nomor lompat jauh kelas 3-4 putra tahun 2016 dan 2017 tingkat sekolah dasar se-Bandung Raya yaitu sebanyak 52 peserta. Pada perlombaan tahun 2016 sebanyak 20 peserta dan tahun 2017 sebanyak 32 peserta, peningkatan sebanyak 12 peserta atau sebesar 60%, prestasi peserta tahun 2016-2017 meningkat sejauh 0,28 meter atau sebesar 12%, prestasi peserta yang mengikuti perlombaan tahun 2016 dan mengikuti kembali pada tahun 2017 meningkat sejauh 0,10 meter atau sebesar 4%. Juara pertama tahun 2016 dan 2017 mengalami peningkatan pada kategori 1 lompatan meningkat sejauh 0,32 meter atau sebesar 10%. Pada kategori 2 peningkatan sejauh 0,33 meter atau sebesar 9%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut peneliti memberikan saran bagi para guru dan pelatih agar terus melakukan pemanduan bakat dan mengikutsertakan pesertadidik pada setiap perlombaan untuk mengetahui perkembangan prestasi yang dimiliki.---------The research aim is for knowing development long jump participation elementary school boys class 3-4 in potency athletics competition in Bandung City. In this research, writer want to revealed about development profile of long jump participation athlete boys student class 3-4 in athletic competency Bandung City 2016-2017. Research method that used is ex post facto method, also used documentation instrument. Sample taking used total sampling technique with participants sample from elementary school long jump athlete potency competition for boys class 3-4 2016- 2017 Bandung City as 52 participants. In 2016 there 20 participants and in 2017 there are 32 participants so there is an increase of 12 participant or 60%, The achievement of participants in 2016-2017 increased by 0.28 meters or by 12%, and achievement of participants who followed the race in 2016 and follow back in 2017 increased by 0.10 meters or by 4%. The first winners of 2016 and 2017 have increased in category 1 jumps by as much as 0.32 meters or by 10%. In category 2 increase as far as 0.33 meters or by 9%. Based on the result, researcher give suggest for the teacher and coach to improve and practicing the student and keep participating in competency for knowing development achievement from athlete

The Effect Of Brush-Induced Injury On Molecular Expression Profile Of Rabbit Airway Epithelium During Regeneration And Repair

Tracheal epithelium is equipped with well-balanced defensive features to keep the body away from harmful particles. Upon an injury, the cellular repairing process undergone with the involvement of cell migration and spreading, proliferation, and redifferentiation. Epitelia trakea mempunyai ciri-ciri pertahanan yang mampu untuk melindungi dari partikel-partikel berbahaya. Semasa berlakunya kecederaan, proses pembaikpulihan sel-sel yang bertanggungjawab yang mana ianya melibatkan proses-proses seperti sel migrasi dan penyebaran, proliferasi, dan pembezaan semula sel-sel

ANALISIS KEBERBAKATAN OLAHRAGA DITINJAU DARI LATAR BELAKANG GENETIKA DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL

Keberbakatan merupakan hal krusial dalam pembinaan olahraga untuk mencapai prestasi tinggi. Faktor penentu dari keberbakatan telah menjadi perdebatan yang cukup panjang, apakah keberbakatan berasal dari latar belakang genetika atau dari faktor dukungan sosial yang diterima. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari faktor latar belakang genetika dan dukungan sosial terhadap keberbakatan olahraga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah studi literatur dengan desain penelitian Cross-sectional. Sumber data berasal dari artikel/jurnal hasil dari pencarian pada database elektronik sebagai berikut: Google Schooler; Science Direct; Taylor and Francis; Scopus; PsycInfo; Proquest; dan Pubmed. Proses pencarian dengan memasukan kata kunci ; ‘talent’, ‘sport talent’, ‘genetic’, ‘social support’, ‘network’, ‘parent’, ‘coach’, ‘peer’, ‘talent identification’ dan ‘talent development’. Pencarian berfokus pada rentang waktu 20 tahun terakhir, yakni pada tahun 2000 hingga Mei 2020. Terdapat 48 studi dianalisis mulai dari karakteristik sampel, desain penelitian, pengaruh genetika terhadap keberbakatan dan pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap keberbakatan. Sampel berkisar dari 1 hingga 9500. Studi meneliti berbagai macam olahraga dengan usia (10-22 tahun). Studi yang menggunakan desain kualitatif (17%) dan kuantitatif (83%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) Latar belakang genetika memberikan pengaruh terhadap keberbakatan olahraga, terlihat pada aspek antropometrik dan performa fisik yang dimiliki seorang anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang genetika, (2) Dukungan sosial memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengembangan bakat olahraga, karena dukungan sosial yang diberikan oleh orangtua, pelatih dan teman sebaya mampu meningkatkan motivasi, kepuasan, pengembangan dan tingkat aktivitas fisik seorang anak. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya, disarankan meneliti menggunakan metodologi yang berbeda serta lebih mengkaji pada aspek penentu keberbakatan secara luas