Protective effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced damages in rat testes

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SMN), an antioxidant, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in rat testes. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5), SMN (200 mg/kg, orally), and MTX + SMN (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5 and SMN 200 mg/kg orally) groups. At the end of the 6-week trial period, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and spermatological analyses were performed on testes tissues. Histopathologically, MTX-induced damage, including depletion of germ cell and loos of spermatozoa, was significantly improved with SMN treatment. Immunohistochemically, the immunoreactivity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected more intensely in the MTX + SMN group than in the MTX group. Biochemical examinations revealed that SMN supplementation decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in the SMN-treated rats. Spermatologically, significant differences were found in the density, motility, dead-to-live sperm ratio, and abnormal sperm rate in the MTX + SMN group compared to the MTX group. In conclusion, SMN seems to have protective effects as an antioxidant against MTX-induced damage in rat testes

The effects of Quercus (Oak) acorn on cutaneous wound healing in rats

Quercus spp. (Oak) has been used in traditional medicine due to its medicinal properties for centuries. However, its effect on wound healing in the skin is well unknown. This experimental trial was performed to evaluate in vivo wound healing of Oak acorn in the skin of rats. In the present trial, 24 Wistar albino rats were allocated to three groups equally, control (n = 8), Madecassol® (n = 8), and Oak acorn (n = 8). The circular excision wound models by biopsy punch device were applied in the interscapular region in rats. Oak acorn and Madecassol® pomade have been applied to experimental groups per day and normal saline solution and glycerin have been given to the control group locally as placebo. Blood and skin tissue were collected to evaluate histopathological and biochemical alterations on days 7th and 15th. In comparison with the control group, the topical administration of Oak acorn showed definite effects on epithelization, proliferative impacts on fibroblast cells, and enhancing effect on collagen formation by reducing inflammation and edema. Biochemical investigations of skin and blood tissues exhibited that fluctuated malondialdehyde and antioxidant defense system components were rehabilitated in the Oak acorn group. This experimental study revealed that pomade obtained from the Oak acorn displays remarkable wound-healing activity

Protective effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced damages in rat testes

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SMN), an antioxidant, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in rat testes. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5), SMN (200 mg/kg, orally), and MTX + SMN (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5 and SMN 200 mg/kg orally) groups. At the end of the 6-week trial period, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and spermatological analyses were performed on testes tissues. Histopathologically, MTX-induced damage, including depletion of germ cell and loos of spermatozoa, was significantly improved with SMN treatment. Immunohistochemically, the immunoreactivity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected more intensely in the MTX + SMN group than in the MTX group. Biochemical examinations revealed that SMN supplementation decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in the SMN-treated rats. Spermatologically, significant differences were found in the density, motility, dead-to-live sperm ratio, and abnormal sperm rate in the MTX + SMN group compared to the MTX group. In conclusion, SMN seems to have protective effects as an antioxidant against MTX-induced damage in rat testes

Protective effects of Urtica dioica L. seed extract on liver tissue injury and antioxidant capacity in irradiated rats

Radiotherapy is often used for the treatment of cancer. However, it causes some side effects in patients. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effects of Urtica dioica L. seed-extract (UDSE) in radiation-induced liver injury. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): control(C) group: no action was taken; radiation (R) group: irradiation was administrated at 5Gy singlefraction, radiation with UDSE(R+UDSE) group: irradiation was administrated at 5 Gy single-fraction and animals were fed pellets with 30 mL UDSE/kg; UDSE group: animals were fed pellets with 30 mL UDSE/kg. All of the experiments were performed in all of the groups over 10 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced-glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), aspartate-transaminase (AST), and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. Histopathological findings were also evaluated in liver tissues. SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities and GSH levels in the serum and liver were significantly increased, while MDA levels decreased in the R+UDSE group compared with the R group (P<0.05). Moreover, AST and ALT serum activities in the R+UDSE group were lower than those in the R group (P<0.05). In addition, radiation induced degenerative/necrotic changes in the R group were significantly compensated in the R+UDSE group. The results showed that radiation increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity, as well as degeneration in the liver. However, UDSE attenuated these degenerative changes

Subvulvarni leiomiosarkom u krave simentalske pasmine - prikaz slučaja

In this case, a mass located subcutaneously in the perineal subvulvar region of a six-year-old Simmental cow was examined clinically, pathomorphologically and immunohistochemically. Macroscopically, the solitary, hitishyellow- tumor mass was 19x15x6 cm in size, weighed 1610 grams, and had a lobular structure with a few small cystic formations in the section. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor parenchyma had smooth muscle-like cells with abundant cytoplasm, pleomorphic cells with blunt-ended or cigar-shaped nuclei, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis and karyomegaly. Immunohistochemically, strong positive expression for α-SMA, vimentin, Ki67 and slight positive for desmin were found, while immulolabeling for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), S-100, CD31 and CD34 were negative. In conclusion, on the basis of these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma.U šest godina stare krave simentalske pasmine klinički, patomorfološki i imunohistokemijski obrađena je tvorba smještena supkutano u perinealnoj subvulvarnoj regiji. Solitarna, žutobjelkasta tumorska tvorba bila veličine 19 x 15 x 6 cm i težila je 1610 g. U režnjevitoj građi uočeno je nekoliko manjih cističnih formacija. Histopatološka pretraga pokazala je da tumor parenhima ima stanice nalik na glatke mišićne stanice s obilnom citoplazmom i pleomorfne stanice sa zaobljenom jezgrom ili jezgrom u obliku cigare, te s anizocitozom, anizokariozom i kariomegalijom. Imunohistokemijski je pronađena jaka pozitivna ekspresija za α-SMA, vimentin, Ki67 i slabo pozitivna za dezmin, dok je imunoobilježavanje za pancitokeratin (AE1/AE3), S-100, CD31 i CD34 bilo negativno. Na temelju ovih rezultata zaključujemo da se radi o tumoru leiomiosarkomu

An immunohistochemical study on the presence of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS) in the spinal cord and nodose ganglion of rats receiving ionising gamma radiation to their liver

This study determined the presence of nitric oxide synthesis isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) in thoracic spinal cord segments and nodose ganglia of rats with gamma-irradiated livers

Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica by immunohistochemical method in naturally-infected cattle

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on Pasteurella spp. infection in naturally-induced pneumonia in cattle by immunohistochemical labelling