1,693 research outputs found
Women in the Workforce: An In-Depth Analysis of Gender Roles and Compensation Inequity in the Modern Workplace
This paper explores the increase in participation and education of American women in the workforce with a special focus on women in business and accounting roles. The paper then goes on to discuss the wage gap between genders, how to remedy inequality in the workplace, and highlights several reasons why pursing a solution to gender inequality is beneficial for both the employee and the company
Theory of dissipationless Nernst effects
We develop a theory of transverse thermoelectric (Peltier) conductivity,
\alpha_{xy}, in finite magnetic field -- this particular conductivity is often
the most important contribution to the Nernst thermopower. We demonstrate that
\alpha_{xy} of a free electron gas can be expressed purely and exactly as the
entropy per carrier irrespective of temperature (which agrees with seminal Hall
bar result of Girvin and Jonson). In two dimensions we prove the universality
of this result in the presence of disorder which allows explicit demonstration
of a number features of interest to experiments on graphene and other
two-dimensional materials. We also exploit this relationship in the low field
regime and to analyze the rich singularity structure in \alpha_{xy}(B, T) in
three dimensions; we discuss its possible experimental implications.Comment: 4.5 pages, 2 figure
Space fragment in studies of the Earth
The fragment apparatus, mounted on board the artificial earth satellite Meteor, was created for the operational study of the natural resources of the Earth in the optical range of electromagnetic waves. The orbit of the satellite at an altitude of about 650 km makes it possible to observe the same sectors of the Earth's surface at the same time of day with a periodicity of 15 days
Dynamics of the Formation of Bright Solitary Waves of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices
We present a detailed description of the formation of bright solitary waves
in optical lattices. To this end, we have considered a ring lattice geometry
with large radius. In this case, the ring shape does not have a relevant effect
in the local dynamics of the condensate, while offering a realistic set up to
implement experiments with conditions usually not available with linear
lattices (in particular, to study collisions). Our numerical results suggest
that the condensate radiation is the relevant dissipative process in the
relaxation towards a self-trapped solution. We show that the source of
dissipation can be attributed to the presence of higher order dispersion terms
in the effective mass approach. In addition, we demonstrate that the stability
of the solitary solutions is linked with particular values of the width of the
wavepacket in the reciprocal space. Our study suggests that these critical
widths for stability depend on the geometry of the energy band, but are
independent of the condensate parameters (momentum, atom number, etc.).
Finally, the non-solitonic nature of the solitary waves is evidenced showing
their instability under collisions.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in PR
The Geothermal Probabilistic Cost Model with an Application to a Geothermal Reservoir at Heber, California
A financial accounting model that incorporates physical and institutional uncertainties was developed for geothermal projects. Among the uncertainties it can handle are well depth, flow rate, fluid temperature, and permit and construction times. The outputs of the model are cumulative probability distributions of financial measures such as capital cost, levelized cost, and profit. These outputs are well suited for use in an investment decision incorporating risk. The model has the powerful feature that conditional probability distribution can be used to account for correlations among any of the input variables. The model has been applied to a geothermal reservoir at Heber, California, for a 45-MW binary electric plant. Under the assumptions made, the reservoir appears to be economically viable
Scattering of charge carriers by point defects in bilayer graphene
Theory of scattering of massive chiral fermions in bilayer graphene by radial
symmetric potential is developed. It is shown that in the case when the
electron wavelength is much larger than the radius of the potential the
scattering cross-section is proportional to the electron wavelength. This leads
to the mobility independent on the electron concentration. In contrast with the
case of single-layer, neutral and charged defects are, in general, equally
relevant for the resistivity of the bilayer graphene.Comment: final versio
Weak-field Hall effect and static polarizability of Bloch electrons
A theory of the weak field Hall effect of Bloch electrons based on the
analysis of the forces acting on electrons is presented. It is argued that the
electric current is composed of two contributions, that driven by the electric
field along current flow and the non-dissipative contribution originated in
demagnetization currents. The Hall resistance as a function of the electron
concentration for the tight-binding model of a crystal with square lattice and
body-centered cubic lattice is described in detail. For comparison the effect
of strong magnetic fields is also discussed
Classical Nuclear Motion in Quantum Transport
An ab initio quantum-classical mixed scheme for the time evolution of
electrode-device-electrode systems is introduced to study nuclear dynamics in
quantum transport. Two model systems are discussed to illustrate the method.
Our results provide the first example of current-induced molecular desorption
as obtained from a full time-dependent approach and suggest the use of ac
biases as a way to tailor electromigration. They also show the importance of
non-adiabatic effects for ultrafast phenomena in nanodevices.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Entanglement, purity and energy: Two qubits vs Two modes
We study the relationship between the entanglement, mixedness and energy of
two-qubit and two-mode Gaussian quantum states. We parametrize the set of
allowed states of these two fundamentally different physical systems using
measures of entanglement, mixedness and energy that allow us to compare and
contrast the two systems using a phase diagram. This phase diagram enables one
to clearly identify not only the physically allowed states, but the set of
states connected under an arbitrary quantum operation. We pay particular
attention to the maximally entangled mixed states (MEMS) of each system.
Following this we investigate how efficiently one may transfer entanglement
from two-mode to two-qubit states.Comment: 13 figures. References and 1 figure adde
Signatures of exchange correlations in the thermopower of quantum dots
We use a many-body rate-equation approach to calculate the thermopower of a
quantum dot in the presence of an exchange interaction. At temperatures much
smaller than the single-particle level spacing, the known quantum jumps
(discontinuities) in the thermopower are split by the exchange interaction. The
origin and nature of the splitting are elucidated with a simple physical
argument based on the nature of the intermediate excited state in the
sequential tunneling approach. We show that this splitting is sensitive to the
number parity of electrons in the dot and the dot's ground-state spin. These
effects are suppressed when cotunneling dominates the electrical and thermal
conductances. We calculate the thermopower in the presence of elastic
cotunneling, and show that some signatures of exchange correlations should
still be observed with current experimental methods. In particular, we propose
a method to determine the strength of the exchange interaction from
measurements of the thermopower.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures Revised figure 6, and changed discussion of
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