102 research outputs found
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activation in endothelin-dependent hypertension
Aims We analysed the chronic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR-β) agonist GW0742 on the renin-independent hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt.
Methods and results Rats were treated for 5 weeks with: control-vehicle, control-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-vehicle, DOCA-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-GSK0660 (1 mg kg−1 day−1), and DOCA-GSK0660-GW0742. Rats receiving DOCA-vehicle showed increased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular and kidney weight indices, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and malondialdehyde plasma levels, urinary iso-PGF2α excretion, impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, and contraction to ET-1 when compared with controls. Aortic reactive oxygen species content, NADPH oxidase activity, and p47phox, p22phox, NOX-4, glutathione peroxidase 1, hemeoxygenase-1, and preproET-1 expression were increased, whereas catalase and regulators of G protein-coupled signalling proteins (RGS)5 expression were decreased in the DOCA-vehicle group. GW0742 prevented the development of hypertension in a dose-dependent manner but the reduction of renal and cardiac hypertrophy, systemic and vascular oxidative stress markers, and improvement of endothelial dysfunction were only observed after the higher dose. GW0742, at 20 mg kg−1 day−1, attenuated ET-1 contraction by increasing RGS5 expression and restored the intracellular redox balance by reducing NADPH-oxidase activity, and by increasing the antioxidant genes expression. The PPAR-β antagonist GSK0660 prevented all vascular changes induced by GW0742 but not its antihypertensive effects.
Conclusion Vascular protective effects of GW0742 operate via PPAR-β by interference with the ET-1 signalling as a result of increased expression of RGS5 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes and via PPAR-β-independent mechanisms to decrease blood pressure
Estudio paleontológico en las cuencas terciarias de Galicia
Se ha realizado una prospección paleontológica en nueve cuencas terciarias gnllegas, con el fin dc prccisar su edad y condiciones pnleoombiclltales. Presentamos los resultados obtenidos en base a hallazgos de micromamíferos, grandes mamíferos, peces, macrorestos vegetales y moluscos en las cuencas de As Pontes (A Coruila) y Roupar (Lugo). Las arci llas de los niveles inferiores de As Pontes contienen roedores, cuya edad corresponde al principio del Oligoceno
superior (MP 25-26). Los lignitos inferiores han proporcionado un Antracotérido que probablemente corresponde también al Oligoceno. Las plantas de los niveles superiores pueden ser del Oligoceno o del Mioceno inferior. Las condiciones climáticas, siempre tropicales, debieron variar
de cálidas a húmedas. En las arcillas inferiores hay peces y moluscos tanto dulceacuícolas como eurihalinos, y moluscos marinos litorales. Se apoyan con estos datos las hipótesis de contemporaneidad entre las cuencas de As Pontes y Roupar, y su carácter parálic
Linezolid: idoneidad de prescripción y afectación de la función renal y hematológica
The objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of linezolid prescription, incidence of thrombocytopenia incritically ill patients and its infl uence on critical ill patients with renal disorder before the linezolid treatment. Weobserved that the 37.5% of linezolid prescriptions were in Non-Approved Indications in Spain (NAIS). The incidenceof thrombocytopenia was 5.9%. We observed a signifi cant improvement in renal function of patients after two weeks oflinezolid treatment (p=0.024). The incidence of thrombocytopenia was similar to describe in bibliography. It seems tobe necessary approved news indications in Spain.El objeto de este estudio fue evaluar la idoneidad de prescripción de linezolid y si ésta se ajusta a las indicacionesaprobadas en España (IAE), la incidencia de trombocitopenia en pacientes críticos y la infl uencia de linezolid eneste tipo de pacientes con función renal alterada previamente a la instauración del tratamiento con dicho antibiótico.Se recogieron retrospectivamente datos clínicos y analíticos, observando que el 37.5% de las prescripcionesde linezolid eran en indicaciones no aprobadas en España (INAE), una incidencia de trombocitopenia del 5.9% yuna mejora signifi cativa de la función renal (p=0.024) tras dos semanas de tratamiento con linezolid. La incidenciade trombocitopenia en nuestro estudio fue similar a la descrita en la bibliografía. Parece necesario replantearse laampliación de las INAE
100 GHz Multiple Colliding Pulse Generation From Cleaved Facet-Free Multi-Section Semiconductor Laser Diode
We present a monolithically integrated mode-locked laser (MLL) with 25 GHz fundamental repetition rate frequency, which has been designed to operate in a fourth-order colliding regime, to generate 100 GHz. This device has been fabricated within a multi-project wafer (MPW) run in an InP-based active-passive generic foundry. The Fabry-Perot laser resonator, of around 1.66 mm length, is defined by two on-chip reflectors, eliminating the need of cleaved facet. Three saturable absorber sections are symmetrically located by spacing them a quarter of this total length, dividing the cavity into four gain segments. We show that this structure can generate an electrical beat note at 25 GHz as well as 100 GHz, with a linewidth of 350 kHz and 150 kHz, respectively, operating in passive operation regime
Estudio cinético de la desdiazoación en medio acuoso del tetrafluorborato de bencenodiazonio
The kinetic analyses carried out at different temperatures (20ºC - 40ºC) indicate that the dediazoniation process of thebenzenediazonium ion (BZ) is of the order of one, with BZ at A = 2,3.1015 s-1 and Ea = 112,5 kJ.mol-1 for the Arrheniusequation, and ΔH‡ = 110,0 kJ.mol-1 and ΔS‡ = 40,7 J.K-1.mol-1 for the Eyring equation. The chromatographic resultsreveal that BZ decomposes through a heterolytic process mediated by the aryl ion. The presence of Cu(I) or Cu(II) saltsand ascorbic acid produce a change in the reaction mechanism. The intermediate compounds produced in these conditionsare stable species that may be transported in the bloodstream. The model studied suggests a possible explanation for thelocalisation of tumours produced by the administration of BZ in rats.Los análisis cinéticos realizados a diferentes temperaturas (20º C - 40º C) indican que el proceso de desdiazoacióndel ion bencenodiazonio (BZ) es de orden uno respecto a BZ siendo A = 2,3.1015 s-1 y Ea = 112,5 kJ.mol-1 en laecuación de Arrhenius así como ΔH‡ = 110,0 kJ.mol-1 y ΔS‡ = 40,7 J.K-1.mol-1 para la ecuación de Eyring. Losresultados cromatográficos revelan que BZ se descompone por un proceso heterolítico mediado por el catión arilo.La presencia de sales Cu(I) o de Cu(II) y ácido ascórbico produce un cambio del mecanismo de reacción. Loscompuestos intermedios originados en estas condiciones son especies estables que pueden ser transportadas en lasangre. El modelo estudiado sugiere una posible explicación para la localización descrita en la literatura para lostumores producidos por la administración de BZ a ratas
Efectos de fármacos simpaticomiméticos sobre preparaciones de tráquea aislada de diversas especies de mamíferos
Se ha estudiado el efecto de distintos fármacos simpaticométicos sobre varias preparaciones de tráqueas aísladas de mamíferos (rata, cobaya y conejo) que han sido contraídas previamente con acetilcolina o con Cl2Ca. De los resultados obtenidos se puede destacar que la tráquea de rata no presenta receptores beta, ya que en ella no muestra actividad la isoprenalina (agonista beta). Igualmente se ha comprobado que algunos fármacos alfa-estimulantes producen efectos relajantes, y especialmente la oximetazolina ha sido activa en las
tres especies estudiadas. Este efecto relajante no está relacionado con los receptores adrenérgicos y probablemente se puede deber a un mecanismo indirecto.The different effects of various sympathomimetic drugs on acetylcholine and CaCl2 -produced contractions in mammalian trachea preparations (rat,
guinea pig and New Zealand rabbit) were studied. The most noteworthy response was that rat tracheas failed to n!spond to B-receptors, in view of the
absence of isoprenaline (a B-agonist) activity in these preparations. Sorne 0:
stirnulating drugs showed relaxant effects, oxymetazoline being particularly active in all three species studied. This relaxant effect was not related to adrener gic receptors and can presumably be traced to sorne indirect mechanism
Efectos de fármacos simpaticomiméticos sobre preparaciones de tráquea aislada de diversas especies de mamíferos
The different effects of various sympathomimetic drugs on acetylcholine- and CaCl2 -produced contractions in mammalian trachea preparations (rat, guinea pig and New Zealand rabbit) were studied. The most noteworthy response was that rat tracheas failed to respond to β-receptors, in view of the absence of isoprenaline (a β-agonist) activity in these preparations. Some α-simulating drugs showed relaxant effects, oxymetazoline being particularly active in all three species studied. This relaxant effect was not related to adrenergic receptors and can presumably be traced to some indirect mechanism.Se ha estudiado el efecto de distintos fármacos simpaticométicos sobre varias preparaciones de tráqueas aísladas de mamíferos (rata, cobaya y conejo) que han sido contraídas previamente con acetilcolina o con Cl2Ca. De los resultados obtenidos se puede destacar que la tráquea de rata no presenta receptores beta, ya que en ella no muestra actividad la isoprenalina (agonista beta). Igualmente se ha comprobado que algunos fármacos alfa-estimulantes producen efectos relajantes, y especialmente la oximetazolina ha sido activa en las tres especies estudiadas. Este efecto relajante no está relacionado con los receptores adrenérgicos y probablemente se puede deber a un mecanismo indirecto
Evaluación Clínica Objetiva y Estructurada (ECOE) en el Grado en Farmacia: experiencia piloto en la Universidad de Salamanca
[ES] La Evaluación Clínica Objetiva y Estructurada (ECOE) es un tipo de examen de carácter práctico, orientado a valorar la adquisición de competencias profesionales del estudiante mediante la resolución de casos clínicos y habilidades, articulada en un circuito de estaciones o situaciones reales por las que los estudiantesrotarán de forma consecutiva en un tiempo determinado. Los resultados de su implementación en la asignatura de Prácticas tuteladas en el Grado en Farmacia de la Universidad de Salamanca confirman la idoneidad de este método de evaluación para medir la capacidad y habilidades de los futuros farmacéuticos. Los estudiantes encuentran adecuada la prueba, si bien muestran reticencias en cuanto a la novedad y al estrés que les supone enfrentarse a situaciones reales con un tiempo limitado, por lo que es necesario facilitarles recursos para su formación y entrenamiento.[EN] Objective and Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) is a type of practical evaluation, aimed
at assessing acquisition of professional skills of the student through the resolution of clinical
cases and skills. It is comprised of a series of stations or real situations through which
students rotate consecutively on a time basis. OSCE implementation results in Supervised
Practices subject in Pharmacy Degree at the University of Salamanca has confirm the
suitability of this evaluation methodology to measure the capacity and skills of future
pharmacists. Students find this methodology adequate, although they show hesitation
because of the novelty and the stress involved in facing real situations with limited time,
which indicates that it is necessary to provide them with resources for training.Álvarez, R.; Sepúlveda, RA.; Valles, E.; Zarzuelo, A. (2023). Evaluación Clínica Objetiva y Estructurada (ECOE) en el Grado en Farmacia: experiencia piloto en la Universidad de Salamanca. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 345-356. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1653834535
Community pharmacy is the key to improving vitamin D levels
Introduction: Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient that participates in the body's fundamental physiological processes.
The pharmacist should involve the patient in his medication adherence, leading to a change in the patient's attitude
towards his medication and towards his health problem, in order to achieve the pharmacological objective set.
Methods: Quasi-experimental multicenter study design with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A pharmacist-led
intervention in health educationwas carried out, divided in two groups, face-to-face interviewand on-line survey, and
the results were evaluated 3 months later to observe if there was any change in the patient's health status or in their
vitamin D levels.
Results: The study was conducted in four pharmacies through face-to-face interviews (n=49 patients) and online surveys
(n = 23). Pharmaceutical intervention improved habits of exercise (0.81 ± 1.44 days/week face-to-face interviews
vs −0.09 ± 2.35 days/week online surveys (p = 0.048)). In face-to-face interviews, consumption of vitamin
D-rich foods was increased (0.55 unit of tuna/week; p = 0.035 and 0.56 unit of avocado/week; p = 0.001) and
was improved correct intake of vitamin D supplements (32.5% baseline to 69.8% at 3 months). The increase in 25-
hydroxyvitamin D levels (11.5 ng/mL after 3 months (p = 0.021)) was correlated to salmon consumption (0.951;
p = 0.013) and the improvement of quality of life was correlated to avocado consumption (1; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: There are habits that improve vitamin D production such as increased physical activity, the correct use of
vitamin D supplements and the consumption of foods with high vitamin D levels. The role of the pharmacist is crucial,
involving the patient in the treatment making aware of the benefits for his/her health status of increasing vitamin D
levels
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