Managerial tools of academic knowledge formation process

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the study is conditioned by the requirement of modern society to improve the quality of education. Knowledge is a core component in the educational content, along with the skills and competencies. The purpose of the paper is to determine the managerial tools of formation process of academic knowledge. The leading approach to the study is the process approach, allowing to characterize the quality of the academic knowledge (consistency, continuity, generality, efficiency, integrity) and to consider the management of academic knowledge’s formation as a set of interrelated and interactive educational activities, ensuring the efficiency of their assimilation, understanding and application. The paper reveals the functions of academic knowledge (ontological, indicative, motivational); clarifies and scientifically proves managerial tools of the formation process of academic knowledge (case study, informational and event-based learning environment, research method, cognitive tools, unifying language and symbolic systems, visual AIDS, technical training). The paper submissions can be useful for managers and teachers of educational institutions; employees of the centers for advanced training and retraining of personnel in the selection and structuring of the content for the training of scientific and pedagogical staff

Chronometry as a Method to Assess the Formation of Skills Required for Work with the Agents of Particularly Dangerous Infections in the Course of Professional Retraining

The aim of the study is to assess how successfully the trainees obtain skills of post mortem examination of laboratory animals, with strict observance of the rules of safe work with pathogenic biological agents of I-II groups, during their training at professional retraining courses. Individual continuous chronometry is offered as the assessment method. The obtained results can be used for planning of practical training, drafting the time-table, standardization of work of instructors

EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING THE PREVENTING MEASURES FOR «ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA» DELIVERY AND SPREADING IN KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

Analysis of measures for preventing the delivery and spreading of «atypical pneumonia» in Krasnoyarsk region is presented. Effect of counteracting with this infectious disease of the executive authority organs, State Surveillance service, public health and other interested institutions is emphasized. Further preventing measures against «atypical pneumonia» are determined

ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ И АССОЦИАЦИИ ПАРАЗИТОВ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА И КОЗ В РЕГИОНЕ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА

Number of parasites and their associations in cattle and goat in the Northern Caucasus region are studied. The parasite fauna of goats and cattle is presented on flatland by 163, on foot-hill – by 191, and in mountains – by 125 species with a similarity coefficient 1. The parasite-associated fauna complex of various species combinations on foot-hill contains 5 species of trematodes, 7 – cestodes, 30 – nematodes, 8 – protozoa, 4 larvae of gad-flies and flies, 29 – of ticks including 22 of ixodid ticks, 10 – flies, 43 – horse flies, 21 – mosquitoes, 12 – black flies, 9 – black gnats, 6 – louse flies, 3 – lice and 4 species – red louses. In mountain area the infection extensiveness and abundance of parasites (except dicrocоelium, moniezia, nematodirus, horse flies, cattle biting louse, lice) is by 38,4 и 45,7 % less than on flatland and foot-hill due to specific features of these areas. The infection of animals in mountain area occurs from July till the end of September. The species balance in associations varies from 3 up to 15 species; monoinfections were seldom reported. Изучена численность паразитов и их ассоциации у крупного рогатого скота и коз в регионе Северного Кавказа. Паразитофауна коз и крупного рогатого скота представлена в равнинной зоне 163 видами, в предгорной – 191 и в горной – 125 видами с коэффициентом общности, равным 1. В предгорной зоне фауна в форме ассоциированного паразитарного комплекса в разных видовых комбинациях включает 5 видов трематод, 7 – цестод, 30 – нематод, 8 – простейших, 4 личинки оводов и мух, 29 – клещей, из них 22 – иксодовых, 10 видов мух, 43 – слепней, 21 – комаров, 12 – мошек, 9 – мокрецов, 6 – кровососок, 3 – вшей и 4 вида власоедов. В горном поясе экстенсивность инвазии и обилие паразитов (кроме дикроцелий, мониезий, нематодир, слепней, вшей, власоедов) на 38,4 и 45,7 % ниже, чем в равнинном и предгорном поясе, что связано с закономерностями, присущими этим территориям. Заражение животных в горной зоне происходит с июля по конец сентября. В ассоциациях видовое соотношение варьирует от 3 до 15 видов; моноинвазии регистрировали редко.

СЕЗОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА ЗАРАЖЕННОСТИ ОВЕЦ И КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА СМЕШАННОЙ ИНВАЗИЕЙ, ВЫЗВАННОЙ FASCIOLA HEPATICA И DICROCOELIUM LANCEATUM, В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА

Sheep and cattle are infected with Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium lan- ceatum in a foothill zone of the North Caucasus during the year with the maximum of infection in autumn - respectively 39,0 and 34,0 %В предгорном поясе Северного Кавказа овцы и крупный рогатый скот инвазированы Fasciola hepatica и Dicrocoelium lanceatum во все сезоны года с наибольшей экстенсивностью инвазии осенью - соответственно 39,0 и 34,0

The Cryo-EM Structure of a Complete 30S Translation Initiation Complex from Escherichia coli

Formation of the 30S initiation complex (30S IC) is an important checkpoint in regulation of gene expression. The selection of mRNA, correct start codon, and the initiator fMet-tRNAfMet requires the presence of three initiation factors (IF1, IF2, IF3) of which IF3 and IF1 control the fidelity of the process, while IF2 recruits fMet-tRNAfMet. Here we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the complete 30S IC, containing mRNA, fMet-tRNAfMet, IF1, IF2, and IF3. In the 30S IC, IF2 contacts IF1, the 30S subunit shoulder, and the CCA end of fMet-tRNAfMet, which occupies a novel P/I position (P/I1). The N-terminal domain of IF3 contacts the tRNA, whereas the C-terminal domain is bound to the platform of the 30S subunit. Binding of initiation factors and fMet-tRNAfMet induces a rotation of the head relative to the body of the 30S subunit, which is likely to prevail through 50S subunit joining until GTP hydrolysis and dissociation of IF2 take place. The structure provides insights into the mechanism of mRNA selection during translation initiation

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Food Spectrum of the Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera Exigua (Hübner, 1808)) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Rainfed Agriculture of the Fergana Valley

In the territory of rainfed agriculture of the republic, 33 species of wild and weed plants have been identified, where egg-laying of the little ground moth was noted, for the first time a large number of plant species were noted as fodder plants of the pest. In the forecast of the development of the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hbn.), It is necessary to take into account not only the macroclimatic conditions of the year, but also the species composition of the forage plant