Controlling Insider Dealing Through Criminal Enforcement in China

The enforcement of the new Securities Law (SL 2020) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in March 2020 presents a perfect opportunity to review the criminal enforcement of insider dealing cases in China’s securities market and to provide feasible suggestions for improvement for a more coherent and streamlined insider dealing regulatory framework in the PRC. Through analysing the previous literature on public interest theories and economic theories of regulation, this article examines the necessity to regulate insider dealing in China with criminal law to ensure fairness and avoid monopolies in its securities market. The article reviews the criminalising of severe insider dealing cases in China from the Nanking National Government in the 1920s to the inception of the securities market of the PRC in the 1990s to the present day. The investigation, prosecution, enforcement, and trial of criminal offences of insider dealing in China are thoroughly examined. The article finds a tendency for over reliance on the investigation and the administrative judgement of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) in criminal investigation, prosecution, and trial in the PRC. The article is one of the first articles to critically and thoroughly analyse the criminal enforcement of insider dealing in China following the recent enforcement of China’s new Securities Law in March 2020

New Uncertainties in QCD-QED Rescaling Factors using Quadrature Method

In this paper we briefly outline the quadrature method for estimating uncertainties in a function of several variables and apply it to estimate the numerical uncertainties in QCD-QED rescaling factors. We employ here the one-loop order in QED and three-loop order in QCD evolution equations of fermion mass renormalization. Our present calculations are found to be new and also reliable compared to the earlier values employed by various authors.Comment: 14 page

Deviation from tri-bimaximal mixings in two types of inverted hierarchical neutrino mass models

An attempt is made to explore the possibility for deviations of solar mixing angle ($\theta_{12}$) from tri-bimaximal mixings, without sacrificing the predictions of maximal atmospheric mixing angle ($\theta_{23}=\pi/4$) and zero reactor angle ($\theta_{13}=0$). We find that the above conjecture can be automatically realised in the inverted hierarchical neutrino mass model having 2-3 symmetry, in the basis where charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. For the observed ranges of $\bigtriangleup m^2_{21}$ and \bigtriangleup m^2_{23], we calculate the predictions on $\tan^2\theta_{12}=0.5, 0.45, 0.35$ for different input values of the parameters in the neutrino mass matrix. We also observe a possible crossing over from one type of inverted hierarchical model having same CP parity (Type-IHA) to other type having opposite CP parity (Type-IHB). Such neutrino mass matrices can be obtained from the canonical seesaw formula using diagonal form of Dirac neutrino mass matrix and non-diagonal texture of right-handed Majorana mass matrix, and may have important implications in model building using discrete as well as non-abelian symmetry groups.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Influence of carbon and nitrogen on electronic structure and hyperfine interactions in fcc iron-based alloys

Carbon and nitrogen austenites, modeled by Fe8N and Fe8C superstructures are studied by full-potential LAPW method. Structure parameters, electronic and magnetic properties as well as hyperfine interaction parameters are obtained. Calculations prove that Fe-C austenite can be successfully modeled by ordered Fe8C superstructure. The results show that chemical Fe-C bond in Fe8C has higher covalent part than in Fe8N. Detailed analysis of electric field gradient formation for both systems is performed. The calculation of electric field gradient allow us to carry out a good interpretation of Moessbauer spectra for Fe-C and Fe-N systems.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, IOP-style LaTeX, submitted to J. Phys. Condens. Matte

Test-retest reliability of knee kinematics measurement during gait with 3D motion analysis system

Restoration of gait symmetry following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial to minimize the risk of joint degeneration. To achieve this, it is essential that the chosen measurement method can accurately assess knee kinematics and detect the changes in multi-planes of motion. However to date, limited study is available on repeatability of the multi-planes knee angle measurements particularly among male patients post ACLR. The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of knee kinematic measurements using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system during gait in post ACLR patients. Eight patients with mean (SD) age 28.89 (4.0) years, 5.82(4.07) months post ACLR were recruited from a tertiary hospital of Kuala Lumpur. All patients undergone two sessions of knee joint angles measurement during gait at four hours interval, for the injured and the non-injured knees. Angles in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes during initial contact phase of gait that derived from the two measurement sessions were compared.  The results showed high test-retest reliability of the measurement in sagittal and transverse planes; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.97(95% CI: 0.84-0.99) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.83-0.99) respectively, and moderate test-retest reliability for the measurements in frontal planes, with ICC 0.44 (95% CI: -0.32-0.86). The study findings suggest that multi-planes knee angle measurements during initial contact phase of gait could reliably be measured using a 3D motion analysis system. Further research may focus on knee kinematics measurements at other phases of gait. Keywords: biomechanics, reliability, walking, knee, anterior cruciate ligament reconstructio

Nitric acid scavenging by mineral and biomass burning aerosols

The abundance of gas phase nitric acid in the upper troposphere is overestimated by global chemistry-transport models, especially during the spring and summer seasons. Recent aircraft data obtained over the central US show that mineral aerosols were abundant in the upper troposphere during spring. Chemical reactions on mineral dust may provide an important sink for nitric acid. In regions where the mineral dust abundance is low in the upper troposphere similar HNO3 removal processes may occur on biomass burning aerosols. We propose that mineral and biomass burning aerosols may provide an important global sink for gas phase nitric acid, particularly during spring and summer when aerosol composition in the upper troposphere may be greatly affected by dust storms from east Asia or tropical biomass burning plumes

Localization of non-interacting electrons in thin layered disordered systems

Localization of electronic states in disordered thin layered systems with b layers is studied within the Anderson model of localization using the transfer-matrix method and finite-size scaling of the inverse of the smallest Lyapunov exponent. The results support the one-parameter scaling hypothesis for disorder strengths W studied and b=1,...,6. The obtained results for the localization length are in good agreement with both the analytical results of the self-consistent theory of localization and the numerical scaling studies of the two-dimensional Anderson model. The localization length near the band center grows exponentially with b for fixed W but no localization-delocalization transition takes place.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Na2IrO3 as a spin-orbit-assisted antiferromagnetic insulator with a 340 meV gap

We study Na2IrO3 by ARPES, optics, and band structure calculations in the local-density approximation (LDA). The weak dispersion of the Ir 5d-t2g manifold highlights the importance of structural distortions and spin-orbit coupling (SO) in driving the system closer to a Mott transition. We detect an insulating gap {\Delta}_gap = 340 meV which, at variance with a Slater-type description, is already open at 300 K and does not show significant temperature dependence even across T_N ~ 15 K. An LDA analysis with the inclusion of SO and Coulomb repulsion U reveals that, while the prodromes of an underlying insulating state are already found in LDA+SO, the correct gap magnitude can only be reproduced by LDA+SO+U, with U = 3 eV. This establishes Na2IrO3 as a novel type of Mott-like correlated insulator in which Coulomb and relativistic effects have to be treated on an equal footing.Comment: Accepted in Physical Review Letters. Auxiliary and related material can be found at: http://www.phas.ubc.ca/~quantmat/ARPES/PUBLICATIONS/articles.htm

Numerical consistency check between two approaches to radiative corrections for neutrino masses and mixings

We briefly outline the two popular approaches on radiative corrections to neutrino masses and mixing angles, and then carry out a detailed numerical analysis for a consistency check between them in MSSM. We find that the two approaches are nearly consistent with a small discrepancy of a factor of 13 percent in mass eigenvalues at low energy scale, but the predictions on mixing angles are almost consistent. We check the stability of the three types of neutrino models, i.e., hierarchical, inverted hierarchical and degenerate models, under radiative corrections, using both approaches, and find consistent conclusions. The neutrino mass models which are found to be stable under radiative corrections in MSSM are the normal hierarchical model and the inverted hierarchical model with opposite CP parity. We also carry out numerical analysis on some important conjectures related to radiative corrections in MSSM, viz., radiative magnification of solar and atmospheric mixings in case of nearly degenerate model having same CP parity (MPR conjecture) and radiative generation of solar mass scale in exactly two-fold degenerate model with opposite CP parity and non-zero reactor angle (JM conjecture). We observe certain exceptions to these conjectures. Finally the effect of scale-dependent vacuum expectation value in neutrino mass renormalisation is discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures,references added, typos corrected and text modifie