Dependence of some physiological indicators of generative and vegetative organs of Sambucus nigra on habitat conditions

We carried out studies on water deficiency of Sambucus nigra L. (black elderberry) plant leaves extract and fruit juice, relative turgidity, sucrose content in fruits, chlorophyll content in the leaves, as well as gas exchange rates in the leaves, in particular, the changes in the concentrations of oxygen released during photosynthesis by leaves and carbon dioxide released during leaf respiration depending on habitat conditions (altitude of the habitat, position of slopes, average annual precipitation). Taking into account the difference in climatic conditions and the generality of some indicators, Vanadzor (1326–1600 m above sea level) and Stepanavan (1400–1830 m above sea level) regions of Lori Province, "Dilijan" National Park, Lake Parz, and the forest areas adjacent to the city of Dilijan (1240–1612 m above sea level) in Tavush Province in Armenia were chosen as the research sites. The test samples were taken from eight different test sites in Lori and Tavush provinces. Tavush Province is more humid than Lori Province. The highest rate of water deficiency in the leaves of the studied plants was recorded in S. nigra f. laciniata (L.) Zabel., and the lowest in S. nigra in Vanadzor forest. It can be assumed that the index of water deficiency in the leaves may depend on the position of the slopes of the test sites and the value of the filtration coefficient of the soil types. On the north-facing slope at the height of 1341 m above sea level and on the south-facing slope at the height of 1830 m above sea level, the values of water deficiency of the leaves are almost the same. Such data allows us to assume that the degree of water deficiency in the leaves is also affected by the filtration coefficient of habitat soil types. In two points that have north-facing positions, the water deficiency of leaves at the height of 1341 m above sea level is 2.14 times more than at the height of 1328 m above sea level. At 1328 m above sea level the filtration coefficient is small and the plant absorbs a lot of water. Based on the data we received we obtained rankings of plants according to the different criteria of the experimental plants: water deficiency in leaves tissues, relative turgidity, the sum of chlorophylls in the leaves, the sucrose content in the fruits, percentage of oxygen released as a result of photosynthesis, percentage of carbon dioxide released as a result of respiration. We found a certain dependence between the indicators of the water regime and the height above sea level of the researched habitats. We also found out that the water regime is influenced by certain microclimatic conditions such as the position of the slopes, whether they are north or south facing, as well as the average annual precipitation. Knowing the physiological processes taking place in the vegetative and generative organs of the S. nigra plant is important from the point of view of evaluating the intensity of growth and development of the generative organs. We consider that the results of the study will be applicable in the process of plant selection based on the indicators of the physiological processes taking place in the plant organism

Search for Exotic Mesons in pi- P Interactions at 18 GeV/c

The recent search for non $q \bar{q}$ mesons in $\pi^{-}p$ interactions at Brookhaven National Laboratory is summarized. Many final states such as $\eta \pi$, $\eta' \pi^{-}$, $a_{0} \pi$, $f_{1} \pi$, $a_{2} \pi$, $b_{1} \pi$, which are favored decay modes of exotics, are under investigation.Comment: 9 pages, PostScript, Presented at the International School of Nuclear Physics, Erice, Sicily, Italy, September 199

Confirmation of a pi_1^0 Exotic Meson in the \eta \pi^0 System

The exclusive reaction $\pi^- p \to \eta \pi^0 n$, $\eta \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$ at 18 GeV$/c$ has been studied with a partial wave analysis on a sample of 23~492 $\eta \pi^0 n$ events from BNL experiment E852. A mass-dependent fit is consistent with a resonant hypothesis for the $P_+$ wave, thus providing evidence for a neutral exotic meson with $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$, a mass of $1257 \pm 20 \pm 25$ MeV$/c^2$, and a width of $354 \pm 64 \pm 60$ MeV$/c^2$. New interpretations of the meson exotics in neutral $\eta \pi^0$ system observed in E852 and Crystal Barrel experiments are discussed.Comment: p3, rewording the paragraph (at the bottom) about the phase variations. p4, rewording paragrath "The second method ..." . p4, at the bottom of paragrath "The third method ..." added consistent with the results of methods 1 and 2

Exotic Meson Production in the f1(1285)π−f_{1}(1285)\pi^{-} System observed in the Reaction π−p→ηπ+π−π−p\pi^{-} p \to \eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{-} p at 18 GeV/c

This letter reports results from the partial wave analysis of the $\pi^{-}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\eta$ final state in $\pi^{-}p$ collisions at 18GeV/c. Strong evidence is observed for production of two mesons with exotic quantum numbers of spin, parity and charge conjugation, $J^{PC} = 1^{-+}$ in the decay channel $f_{1}(1285)\pi^{-}$. The mass $M = 1709 \pm 24 \pm 41$ MeV/c^2 and width $\Gamma = 403 \pm 80 \pm 115$ MeV/c^2 of the first state are consistent with the parameters of the previously observed $\pi_{1}(1600)$. The second resonance with mass $M = 2001 \pm 30 \pm 92$ MeV/c^2 and width $\Gamma = 333 \pm 52 \pm 49$ MeV/c^2 agrees very well with predictions from theoretical models. In addition, the presence of $\pi_{2}(1900)$ is confirmed with mass $M = 2003 \pm 88 \pm 148$ MeV/c^2 and width $\Gamma = 306 \pm 132 \pm 121$ MeV/c^2 and a new state, $a_{1}(2096)$, is observed with mass $M = 2096 \pm 17 \pm 121$ MeV/c^2 and width $\Gamma = 451 \pm 41 \pm 81$ MeV/c^2. The decay properties of these last two states are consistent with flux tube model predictions for hybrid mesons with non-exotic quantum numbers

D6.2 Evaluation on project results related to a number of models and roadmaps

This deliverable is one in a series of three reports that are looking into regulatory aspects of implementation of methodologies and coordination schemes developed in the SmartNet project, with the aim to facilitate integration of significant levels of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into the network and their participation in provision of AS at both transmission and distribution levels. This requires new market/trading architectures and operational arrangements that will affect networks at both transmission and distributions levels as well as the interface between these networks. The aim of the SmartNet project is to provide architectures for optimized interaction between TSOs and DSOs in managing the exchange of information for the acquisition of ancillary services (reserve and balancing, voltage regulation, congestion management) from DER located in distribution networks. The main project results include the technical-economic assessment of a set of five TSO-DSO Coordination Schemes (CSs) with their market architecture. This is done through the set-up of a new simulation platform and ad-hoc national scenarios at 2030 aimed at assessing the operation of the proposed schemes so as to feed a cost-benefit analysis. The five proposed CSs are: • Centralized AS market • Local AS market • Shared balancing responsibility • Common TSO-DSO AS market • Integrated flexibility market. The different coordination schemes all have specific benefits and attention points related to the TSO and/or DSO grid operation, other market participants and the functioning of the market in general. In addition, implementation of or transition from one to another Coordination Schemes will require a significant change in roles and responsibilities, which are assigned to the central market actors. As already mentioned, in order to carry out the technical-economic comparison of the different CSs, a large-scale simulator, has been developed to realistically model the behaviour of complex systems which include transmission and distribution networks, bidding and market processes, as well as fundamental physics behind each flexible device connected to the system. This simulator includes three main layers: • Market Layer – representing the mFRR market • Bidding Layer – representing aggregation and disaggregation processes • Physical Layer – physical network including controls and protections and aFRR regulation The main objective of this report is to present the regulatory trends and stakeholders’ position on several issues, which the project considers to be essential for the definition of a well-functioning TSO-DSO interaction. To facilitate this analysis, we have identified 25 main issues, here referred to as topics of interest, which are associated with solutions and assumptions implemented in each of the simulator layers. These topics have been evaluated in a comprehensive screening study, based on more than 40 different documents such as position papers, strategies, roadmaps and legislation/regulation (EU Directives, Network guidelines, national regulatory Decisions). A general conclusion from the review is that EU regulations are not directly addressing several of the topics identified by SmartNet, i.e. crucial topics for large-scale utilisation of Distributed Energy Resources in ancillary services, as for example timing of the markets. Without common EU regulations different solutions will develop in the distribution areas, the most diverse and non-harmonized solutions will be implemented in agreement between DSOs and adjoining TSO (e.g. nation- or region-wise under influence of TSO). This will not necessarily hamper the utilisation of local flexibility in the transmission grids, but it will certainly make more difficult the development towards cross-border utilisation of distributed energy resources. The final conclusions and recommendations will be presented in deliverable D6.3. The preliminary impression is that hardly any of the present or proposed regulation is explicitly in contrast to the hypotheses at the basis of the SmartNet work. However, for one topic, the EU legislation is somewhat different with configuration of SmartNet coordination schemes. For incorporating bottlenecks into the pricing, SmartNet selected to use nodal market organisation for ancillary services, European architectures (unlike the US implementations) implement a zonal organisation. When it comes to the stakeholders' opinions, currently the situation is that ENTSO-E suggests that all congestion management needs, both for TSOs and DSOs, should be fulfilled by a common bid submission process from providers of distributed flexibility resources [18] in document "Distributed Flexibility and the value of TSO/DSO cooperation". A common process will among other ensure liquidity of the market [18]. ENTSO-E supports a common centralized solution for three system and grid services: • For electricity balancing from Frequency Restoration Reserves and Replacement Reserves. • For internal or cross-border congestion management in the transmission network • For congestion management in the distribution network Disregarding the selected approach (centralised or not) it is advised by ENTSO-E [18] that the market design should allow both DSOs and TSOs to set limitations and to activate flexibility resources based on the connection point of the resource as it is advised by ENTSO-E. On the other hand “TSO-DSO data management report1” [13] mentions different points of attention coming from DSOs and TSOs, where DSOs are essentially concerned about possible misalignments of actions between TSOs, DSOs and other market players, which could lead to loss of control over the distribution grid and drive inefficient grid expansion. DSOs think that certain balancing actions could be delegated to them to procure balancing services on their network as a subsidiary activity to support TSOs (see page 15 in [13])

Partial-wave analysis of the eta pi+ pi- system produced in the reaction pi-p --> eta pi+ pi- n at 18 GeV/c

A partial-wave analysis of 9082 eta pi+ pi- n events produced in the reaction pi- p --> eta pi+ pi- n at 18.3 GeV/c has been carried out using data from experiment 852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are dominated by J^{PC} = 0^{-+} partial waves consistent with observation of the eta(1295) and the eta(1440). The mass and width of the eta(1295) were determined to be 1282 +- 5 MeV and 66 +- 13 Mev respectively while the eta(1440) was observed with a mass of 1404 +- 6 MeV and width of 80 +- 21 MeV. Other partial waves of importance include the 1++ and the 1+- waves. Results of the partial wave analysis are combined with results of other experiments to estimate f1(1285) branching fractions. These values are considerably different from current values determined without the aid of amplitude analyses.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

A partial wave analysis of the π0π0\pi ^0\pi ^0 system produced in π−p\pi ^-p charge exchange collisions

A partial wave analysis of the of the $\pi ^0\pi ^0$ system produced in the charge exchange reaction: $\pi ^-p\to \pi ^0\pi ^0n$ at an incident momentum of $18.3 GeV/c$ is presented as a function of ${\pi ^0\pi ^0}$ invariant mass, $m_{\pi^0\pi^0}$, and momentum transfer squared, $| {t} |$, from the incident $\pi^-$ to the outgoing ${\pi ^0\pi ^0}$ system.Comment: 24 pages total,8 pages text, 14 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Phys Rev

Observation of Pseudoscalar and Axial Vector Resonances in pi- p -> K+ K- pi0 n at 18 GeV

A new measurement of the reaction pi- p -> K+ K- pi0 n has been made at a beam energy of 18 GeV. A partial wave analysis of the K+ K- pi0 system shows evidence for three pseudoscalar resonances, eta(1295), eta(1416), and eta(1485), as well as two axial vectors, f1(1285), and f1(1420). Their observed masses, widths and decay properties are reported. No signal was observed for C(1480), an IG J{PC} = 1+ 1{--} state previously reported in phi pi0 decay.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figs, to be submitted to Phys. Let

Observation of a New J(PC)=1(+-) Isoscalar State in the Reaction Pi- Proton -> Omega Eta Neutron at 18 GeV/c

Results are presented on a partial wave analysis of the Omega Eta final state produced in Pi- Proton interactions at 18 GeVc where Omega -> Pi+ Pi- Pi0, Pi0 -> 2 Gammas, and Eta -> 2 Gammas. We observe the previously unreported decay mode Omega(1650) -> Omega Eta and a new 1(+-) meson state h1(1595) with a mass M=1594(15)(+10)(-60) MeV/c^2 and a width Gamma=384(60)(+70)(-100) MeV/c^2. The h1(1595) state exhibits resonant-like phase motion relative to the Omega(1650).Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B Eight total pages including 11 figures and 1 tabl

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА РЕГЕНЕРАНТНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ОГУРЦА

Application of such biotechnological method as a callus culture, allowed developing the somaclonal variants of cucumber, six of which were selected as a regenerated lines for the breeding program. New forms are characterized by early-ripeness, percent of parthenocarpy, good quality, yield and fruit weight. These lines can be used as an initial material for heterosis breeding and for improvement of donor cultivars of cucumber.Применение методов биотехнологии, в частности каллусной культуры, позволило за короткий срок получить сомаклональные варианты огурца, из которых было отобрано 6 перспективных регенерантных линий. Новые генотипы отличались раннеспелостью, процентом партенокарпии, массой и качеством плодов, урожайностью. Линии можно использовать в качестве исходного материала в гетерозисной селекции огурца, а также для улучшения донорных сортов