Vodonična veza u push-pull 5-supstituisanim 2-alkiliden-4-oksotiazolidinima: 1H-NMR spektroskopsko proučavanje

Application of dynamic H-1-NMR spectroscopy added to the understanding of the hydrogen bonds existing in the structurally related 5-substituted-2-alklidene-4-oxothiazolidines in polar and apolar solvents. The equilibrated mixtures of these topical push-pull alkenes in CDCl3 consist of the intramolecularly H-bonded (E)-isomer and intermolecularly H-bonded (Z)-isomer in varying proportions which depend on the solvent polarity. For the representative of the series. (Z)-2-(5-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-1-phenylethanone, a concentration effect on the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in apolar CDCl3 has been studied.Primenom dinamičke 1H-NMR spektroskopije došlo se do boljeg razumevanja o vrsti vodoničnih veza koje postoje u strukturno sličnim 5-supstituisanim 2-alkiliden-4-oksotiazolidinima u polarnim i apolarnim rastvaračima. Uravnotežene smese ovih tipičnih push-pull alkena u CDCl3 sadrže (E)-izomer vezan intramolekulskom vodoničnom vezom kao i intermolekulski vodoničnom vezom vezan (Z)-izomer u različitim odnosima, koji zavise od polarnosti rastvarača. U slučaju tipičnog predstavnika serije (Z)-2-(5-etoksikarbonilmetil-4-oksotiazolidin- 2-iliden)-1-feniletanona uticaj koncentracije na stepen stvaranja intermolekulske vodonične veze u apolarnom CDCl3 je takođe proučavan

Algebraic entropy of shift endomorphisms on abelian groups

For every finite-to-one map \u3bb:\u393\u2192\u393 and for every abelian group K, the generalized shift \u3c3\u3bb of the direct sum 95_\u393 K is the endomorphism defined by (x_ i)\u21a6(x_\u3bb(i)). In this paper we analyze and compute the algebraic entropy of a generalized shift, which turns out to depend on the cardinality of K, but mainly on the function \u3bb. We give many examples showing that the generalized shifts provide a very useful universal tool for producing counter-examples

Effects of sex, age, body height and body weight on spinal loads: sensitivity analyses in a subject-specific trunk musculoskeletal model.

Subject-specific parameters influence spinal loads and the risk of back disorders but their relative effects are not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of changes in age (35-60 years), sex (male, female), body height (BH: 150-190 cm) and body weight (BW: 50-120 kg) on spinal loads in a full factorial simulation using a personalized (spine kinematics, geometry, musculature and passive properties) kinematics driven musculoskeletal trunk finite element model. Segmental weight distribution (magnitude and location along the trunk) was estimated by a novel technique to accurately represent obesity. Five symmetric sagittal loading conditions were considered, and main effect plots and analyses of variance were employed to identify influential parameters. In all 5 tasks simulated, BW (98.9% in compression and 96.1% in shear) had the greatest effect on spinal loads at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels followed by sex (0.7% in compression and 2.1% in shear), BH (0.4% in compression and 1.5% in shear) and finally age (<5.4%). At identical BH and BW, spinal loads in females were slightly greater than those in males by ~4.7% in compression and ~8.7% in shear. In tasks with no loads in hands, BW-normalized spinal loads further increased with BW highlighting the exponential increase in spinal loads with BW that indicates the greater risk of back disorders especially in obese individuals. Uneven distribution of weight in obese subjects, with more BW placed at the lower trunk, further (though slightly <7.5%) increased spinal loads.This work was supported by the institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail 294 (IRSST-2014-0009) and the fonds de recherche du Québec en nature et technologies (FRQNT)

Effects of piracetam as an adjuvant therapy on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Stimulants are highly effective in controlling symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but 30 of individuals with ADHD do not respond to them or cannot tolerate their side effects; thus, alternative treatment approaches need to be considered. Objectives: To evaluate the effect and safety of piracetam as an adjuvant therapy plus methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-six children with ADHD (6-16 years old), admitted to three academic outpatient child psychiatric clinics in the second half of 2015, were randomly assigned to the "methylphenidate plus piracetam group"and the "methylphenidate plus placebo"group, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, for 6 weeks. The "Conner's Parents' Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R), Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I), and Children' Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were completed at baseline and at the ends of the third and the sixth week, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute side effect forms were completed weekly, as outcome measures. Results: The level of improvement in CPRS-R, CSI-4, and CGI-I scales were significantly higher in the "methylphenidate plus piracetam"group compared with the "methylphenidate plus placebo"group. Side effects were not remarkable in any group. Conclusions: Piracetam as a short-term adjuvant treatment to methylphenidate can have considerable therapeutic effect and safety profile in children with ADHD and deserves further exploration to assess its potentialities in ADHD treatment. Copyright © 2021, Author(s)

Detection of Colicin genes by PCR in Escherichia coli isolated from cattle in Shiraz-Iran Tahamtan 1

ABSTRACT A variety of probiotic bacteria have been tested to control animal and foodborne pathogenic bacteria in livestock. The mechanism of inhibition of pathogenic bacteria for several of those probiotic microorganisms is mediated by the production of bacteriocins. Colicins are probably the group of bacteriocins that have been most thoroughly characterized. Colicins are antimicrobial proteins produced by one strains of Escherichia coli to suppress the growth of other strains of E.coli. The present study indicated the preparation of colicin from colicinogenic bacteria. A total of three hundred rectal and rumen swabs isolated from health and diarrheic calves located in Fars province feces. One hundred and fifteen strains were confirmed as E.coli by biochemical test. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the following genes encoding colicins. Nearly 100% of isolates were contained at least one gene of colicin. The frequency of several classes of colicin was determined. As a result the most detected gene was Ia Ib and the least detected gene was A.N.S 4 . Colicin should be tested to control animal and foodborne pathogenic bacteria in livestock

Parent-only group cognitive behavioral intervention for children with anxiety disorders: A control group study

Objective: Parents play an important role in development and continuation of anxiety disorders in children. Yet the evidence on parent contribution in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety is limited. This open randomized trial examined the effectiveness of a parent-directed group CBT to manage children with anxiety disorders. Method: Parents of 42 children aged 6-12 with primary anxiety disorders were allocated to a six, two-hour weekly intervention and a wait-list (WL) control. The Revised Children�s Manifest Anxiety, Children�s Depression Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Home Version, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Children Global Assessment Scale, and Global Relational Assessment of Functioning were used to assess children�s and parents� functioning and emotional symptoms. Parents completed consumer satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Parents in the CBT group reported significant improvement in their depressive symptoms (p=0.006) and the family functioning (p=0.04), as well as reduction in children�s emotional symptoms (p=0.007). Clinician rating of children�s functioning showed significant improvement in the CBT group(p=0.001). There was no significant difference in children rating of their anxiety within groups from pre- to post-intervention. Parents were satisfied mostly with the intervention. Conclusion: A brief parent-only CBT based intervention can be effective in the management of childhood anxiety. © 2018, Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. All rights reserved

Parent-only group cognitive behavioral intervention for children with anxiety disorders: A control group study

Objective: Parents play an important role in development and continuation of anxiety disorders in children. Yet the evidence on parent contribution in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety is limited. This open randomized trial examined the effectiveness of a parent-directed group CBT to manage children with anxiety disorders. Method: Parents of 42 children aged 6-12 with primary anxiety disorders were allocated to a six, two-hour weekly intervention and a wait-list (WL) control. The Revised Children�s Manifest Anxiety, Children�s Depression Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Home Version, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Children Global Assessment Scale, and Global Relational Assessment of Functioning were used to assess children�s and parents� functioning and emotional symptoms. Parents completed consumer satisfaction questionnaire. Results: Parents in the CBT group reported significant improvement in their depressive symptoms (p=0.006) and the family functioning (p=0.04), as well as reduction in children�s emotional symptoms (p=0.007). Clinician rating of children�s functioning showed significant improvement in the CBT group(p=0.001). There was no significant difference in children rating of their anxiety within groups from pre- to post-intervention. Parents were satisfied mostly with the intervention. Conclusion: A brief parent-only CBT based intervention can be effective in the management of childhood anxiety. © 2018, Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. All rights reserved

Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity- And chronic inflammation-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective(s): One of the common heterogeneous reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is characterized by lack of fertility due to anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. Both reproductive anomalies and metabolic disorders are involved in PCOS pathology. Although the role of increased levels of androgens in initiation of PCOS is almost proven, mechanisms of PCOS pathophysiology are not clear. Here we discuss roles of altered metabolic conditions, obesity, and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathophysiology. Materials and Methods:: In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to obesity and chronic inflammation aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes and can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. Results: Obesity and chronic inflammation are not prominent diagnostic features of PCOS, but they play an important role in exacerbating metabolic and hyperandrogenic states. ADIPOQ, FTO TGFß, and DENND1A as the main obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes have roles in PCOS pathophysiology. Conclusion: It seems that genes related to obesity pathology in genomic research association, are related to metabolic aspects and body mass index in PCOS patients. Genomes have roles in chronic inflammation, followed by obesity, in the pathogenesis of PCO

Effect of a posture correction�based intervention on musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue among control room operators

This study was conducted to examine the effect of a posture correction�based intervention (with a biofeedback device) on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) and fatigue among control room operators in a petrochemical plant in Iran. A total of 188 office workers (91 in the case group and 97 in the control group) participated at baseline as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. A questionnaire survey (including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and direct observations of working postures by using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method were used. The occurrence of MSS in the shoulders, upper back, neck, and low back areas, as well as the mental and physical dimensions of fatigue were found to be the most common problems. The results showed considerable improvements in working postures (in the neck, trunk, and RULA grand scores) and the occurrence of MSS (particularly in the neck, shoulders, and upper back and low back areas) and fatigue (in particular the mental and physical aspects) after the intervention. The overall mean RULA grand score for the case group was significantly decreased after the intervention (mean scores of 5.1, 4.4, and 4.6 at pre-intervention, post-intervention 1, and post-intervention 2, respectively). A total of 81 operators (89.0) reported some kind of MSS at baseline, which were reduced to 75 operators (82.4) and 77 operators (84.6) at post-interventions 1 and 2, respectively. Significant differences were also found between the pre- and post-intervention scores for the physical fatigue (mean of 12.19, 10.16, and 9.99 at pre-intervention, post-intervention 1, and post-intervention 2, respectively) and mental fatigue (mean of 14.03, 12.05, and 12.16 at pre-intervention, post-intervention 1, and post-intervention 2, respectively) dimensions. The findings confirm the effectiveness of this low-cost, simple, and easy-to-use ergonomic intervention. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Attitude and practice of diabetic patients towards complementary/alternative medicine and related factors, Sari, 2014-2015

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) and related factors in diabetic patients attending diabetes clinics in Sari and their attitudes and satisfaction. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the use of CAM methods, attitude and satisfaction of 270 diabetic patients, were assessed by a questionnaire. The t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the participants 99 (36.6) had used at least one of the CAM methods in the year before the study. The most commonly used CAM were medicinal plants (n= 85 patients), cupping (n= 14), acupuncture (n= 11), bloodletting (n= 5), and massage (n= 1). The most common herbs were nettle, fenugreek, barberry, cinnamon, and green tea. More than 51 of patients expressed their satisfaction with the effects of these methods and over 67 were willing to use them again. There was a positive attitude towards CAM methods in 47 patients (17.4). A significant correlation was observed between the use of these methods and marriage (P= 0.02), duration of disease (P=0.01) and duration of treatment (P=0.02). Conclusion: In our study, the use of non-conventional methods in diabetic patients was found to be common which was related to duration of diabetes and its therapy. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects, side effects and interactions of these methods with conventional methods in treatment of diabetes. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved