5,853 research outputs found
Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance State in the Relativistic Approach with the Momentum-Dependent Self-Energies
We study the excited energy of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance with
the scaling method in the relativistic many-body framework. In this calculation
we introduce the momentum-dependent parts of the Dirac self-energies arising
from the one-pion exchange on the assumption of the pseudo-vector coupling with
nucleon field. It is shown that this momentum-dependence enhances the Landau
mass significantly and thus suppresses the quadrupole resonance energy even
giving the small Dirac effective mass which causes a problem in the
momentum-independent mean-field theory.Comment: 12pages, 2 Postscript figure
Collective ferromagnetism in two-component Fermi-degenerate gas trapped in finite potential
Spin asymmetry of the ground states is studied for the trapped
spin-degenerate (two-component) gases of the fermionic atoms with the repulsive
interaction between different components, and, for large particle number, the
asymmetric (collective ferromagnetic) states are shown to be stable because it
can be energetically favorable to increase the fermi energy of one component
rather than the increase of the interaction energy between up-down components.
We formulate the Thomas-Fermi equations and show the algebraic methods to solve
them. From the Thomas-Fermi solutions, we find three kinds of ground states in
finite system: 1) paramagnetic (spin-symmetric), 2) ferromagnetic (equilibrium)
and 3) ferromagnetic (nonequilibrium) states. We show the density profiles and
the critical atom numbers for these states obtained analytically, and, in
ferromagnetic states, the spin-asymmetries are shown to occur in the central
regions of the trapped gas, and grows up with increasing particle number. Based
on the obtained results, we discuss the experimental conditions and current
difficulties to realize the ferromagnetic states of the trapped atom gas, which
should be overcome.Comment: submit to PR
Breathing oscillations and quasi-low-dimensional structures of weakly-interacting degenerate Fermi gases in highly-anisotropic traps
We theoretically investigate breathing oscillations of weakly-interacting
degenerate Fermi gases in highly-anisotropic harmonic oscillator traps. If the
traps are not highly anisotropic, the fermions behave as three-dimensional (3D)
gases and exhibit the coupled breathing oscillations as studied in a previous
paper [T. Maruyama and T. Nishimura, Phys. Rev. A 75 (2007) 033611]; Otherwise
the fermions exhibit quasi-low-dimensional (QLD) properties derived from
specific structures in their single-particle spectrum, called QLD structures.
In the present paper, we focus on effects of the QLD structures on the
breathing oscillations of the two-component fermions with symmetric population
densities. Here we develop the semi-classical Thomas-Fermi approximation
extended to the highly-anisotropic systems and obtain the collective
frequencies in the sum-rule-scaling method and perturbation theory. As a
result, we reveal that the effects of the QLD structures can not be seen in the
transverse modes in the first-order perturbation and appear only in the
longitudinal modes with hierarchies reflecting the QLD structures. We also
demonstrate time-evolution of the oscillations in the present framework
Determinants Of Bird Species Richness, Endemism, And Island Network Roles In Wallacea And The West Indies: Is Geography Sufficient Or Does Current And Historical Climate Matter?
Island biogeography has greatly contributed to our understanding of the processes determining species' distributions. Previous research has focused on the effects of island geography (i.e., island area, elevation, and isolation) and current climate as drivers of island species richness and endemism. Here, we evaluate the potential additional effects of historical climate on breeding land bird richness and endemism in Wallacea and the West Indies. Furthermore, on the basis of species distributions, we identify island biogeographical network roles and examine their association with geography, current and historical climate, and bird richness/endemism. We found that island geography, especially island area but also isolation and elevation, largely explained the variation in island species richness and endemism. Current and historical climate only added marginally to our understanding of the distribution of species on islands, and this was idiosyncratic to each archipelago. In the West Indies, endemic richness was slightly reduced on islands with historically unstable climates; weak support for the opposite was found in Wallacea. In both archipelagos, large islands with many endemics and situated far from other large islands had high importance for the linkage within modules, indicating that these islands potentially act as speciation pumps and source islands for surrounding smaller islands within the module and, thus, define the biogeographical modules. Large islands situated far from the mainland and/or with a high number of nonendemics acted as links between modules. Additionally, in Wallacea, but not in the West Indies, climatically unstable islands tended to interlink biogeographical modules. The weak and idiosyncratic effect of historical climate on island richness, endemism, and network roles indicates that historical climate had little effects on extinction-immigration dynamics. This is in contrast to the strong effect of historical climate observed on the mainland, possibly because surrounding oceans buffer against strong climate oscillations and because geography is a strong determinant of island richness, endemism and network roles. We evaluate the potential additional effects of historical climate on native breeding land bird species richness, endemism and island network roles in Wallacea and the West Indies. We find that island geography, especially island area but also isolation and elevation, largely explained the variation in island species richness and endemism, and that island network roles are tightly linked to geography and endemism. The weak and idiosyncratic effect of historical climate on island richness, endemism and network roles indicates that historical climate had little effects on extinction-immigration dynamics in Wallacea and the West Indies. This is in contrast to the strong effect of historical climate observed on the mainland, possibly because surrounding oceans buffer against strong climate oscillations and because geography is a strong determinant of island richness, endemism and network roles
Sudden switch of generalized Lieb-Robinson velocity in a transverse field Ising spin chain
The Lieb-Robinson theorem states that the speed at which the correlations
between two distant nodes in a spin network can be built through local
interactions has an upper bound, which is called the Lieb-Robinson velocity.
Our central aim is to demonstrate how to observe the Lieb-Robinson velocity in
an Ising spin chain with a strong transverse field. We adopt and compare four
correlation measures for characterizing different types of correlations, which
include correlation function, mutual information, quantum discord, and
entanglement of formation. We prove that one of correlation functions shows a
special behavior depending on the parity of the spin number. All the
information-theoretical correlation measures demonstrate the existence of the
Lieb-Robinson velocity. In particular, we find that there is a sudden switch of
the Lieb-Robinson speed with the increasing of the number of spin
Results of three-year mass screening programme for lung cancer using mobile low-dose spiral computed tomography scanner
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of annual screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (CT) and the characteristics of identified lung cancers. Subjects consisted of 5483 general population aged 40–74 years, who received initial CT scans in 1996, followed by repeat annual scans for most subjects in 1997 and 1998, with a total of 13 786 scans taken during 1996–1998. Work-up examinations for patients with suspicious lesions were conducted using diagnostic CTs. The initial screening in 1996 detected suspicious nodules in 279 (5.1%) of 5483 subjects, and 22 (8%) were confirmed surgically to have lung cancer. Corresponding figures in 1997 and 1998 screening studies were 173 (3.9%) of 4425 and 25 (14%) of 173, and 136 (3.5%) of 3878 and 9 (7%) of 136, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting surgically confirmed lung cancer were 55% (22/40) and 95% (4960/5199) in 1996 and 83% (25/30) and 97% (4113/4252) in 1997 screening, respectively. 88% (55/60) of lung cancers identified on screening and surgically confirmed were AJCC stage IA. Our trial allowed detection of nearly 11 times the expected annual number of early lung cancers. Repeat CT allowed the detection of more aggressive, rapidly growing lung cancers, compared to those in the initial screening. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
Effect of Silicon Content on Carbide Precipitation and Low-Temperature Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels
Cr – Mn – Mo – Ni pressure vessel steels containing 0.54 and 1.55% Si are studied. Metallographic and fractographic analyses of the steels after tempering at 650 and 700°C are performed. The impact toughness at – 30°C and the hardness of the steels are determined. The mass fraction of the carbide phase in the steels is computed with the help of the J-MatPro 4.0 software
Ballistic nanofriction
Sliding parts in nanosystems such as Nano ElectroMechanical Systems (NEMS)
and nanomotors, increasingly involve large speeds, and rotations as well as
translations of the moving surfaces; yet, the physics of high speed nanoscale
friction is so far unexplored. Here, by simulating the motion of drifting and
of kicked Au clusters on graphite - a workhorse system of experimental
relevance -- we demonstrate and characterize a novel "ballistic" friction
regime at high speed, separate from drift at low speed. The temperature
dependence of the cluster slip distance and time, measuring friction, is
opposite in these two regimes, consistent with theory. Crucial to both regimes
is the interplay of rotations and translations, shown to be correlated in slow
drift but anticorrelated in fast sliding. Despite these differences, we find
the velocity dependence of ballistic friction to be, like drift, viscous
Origin of subthreshold K^+ production in heavy ion collisions
We investigate the origin of subthreshold production in heavy ion
collisions at intermediate energies. In particular we study the influence of
the pion induced creation processes. We find that this channel shows a
strong dependence on the size of the system, i.e., the number of participating
nucleons as well as on the incident energy of the reaction. In an energy region
between 1--2 GeV/nucleon the pion induced processes essentially contribute to
the total yield and can even become dominant in reactions with a large number
of participating nucleons. Thus we are able to reproduce recent measurements of
the KaoS Collaboration for 1 GeV/nucleon Au on Au reactions adopting a
realistic momentum dependent nuclear mean field.Comment: 6 pages Latex using RevTex, revised version accepted for publication
in Phys. Rev.
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