Community Participation in the Adiwiyata Program for Strengthening Character Education of MAN Students in South Kalimantan

This study aimed to identify the implementation of adiwiyata policies as an effort to realize environmental education in madrasas. It is to realize environmental education effectively and efficiently. The method is case study method at MAN 1 Tapin and MAN 2 Tapin to find out how to plan, implement, organize, evaluate, support and inhibit factors as well as solutions and future improvement efforts in the Adiwiyata program to strengthen character education of MAN students. The results of this study were the community participation in the Adiwiyata program for strengthening character education for MAN 1 Tapin and MAN 2 Tapin students was carried out with reference to applicable regulations and guidelines, but it had not performed the efforts to strengthen character and the level of community participation

Studi Komunitas Plankton di Sungai Kundur Kecamatan Banyuasin 1 Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kelimpahan plankton dalam Studi Ko-munitas Plankton di Sungai Kundur Kecamatan Banyuasin 1 Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan, yang di-laksanakan pada bulan Agustus dan September 2014 di 5 stasiun penelitian, adapun parameter fisika – ki-mianya yang diukur antara lain yaitu; suhu, kecerahan, kedalaman, pH, DO, BOD, nitrat, fosfat dan kandun-gan minyak. Parameter biologi yang diukur meliputi komposisi dan kelimpahan plankton, indeks keanekara-gaman (H\u27) plankton, indeks dominansi (C) plankton, dan indeks kesamaan plankton antar stasiun. Dari hasil pengamatan ditemukan 23 genus dari 4 kelas fitoplankton yang terdiri dari Bacillariophyceae 9 genus, Cyano-phyceae 6 genus, Chlorophyceae 5 genus, Euglenophyceae 2 genus dan 1 kelas zooplankton yaitu Maxillopo-da 1 genus. Berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman plankton di Sungai Kundur saat surut dikategorikan kestabi-lan komunitas rendah pada stasiun 1, 3, 4 dan 5 dengan nilai indeks berkisar dari 0.69 – 1.06. Sedangkan kes-tabilan komunitas sedang terdapat pada stasiun 3 dan stasiun 5 dengan nilai indeks berkisar dari 1.77 – 2.18

Dental Status and Treatment Needs of Special Needs Children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

The aim of the study is to determine the dental status and treatment needs of special needs children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia and to investigate the association of caries prevalence and oral health status with sociodemographic variables. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving 574 special needs children aged 17 and below who attended Community-based Rehabilitation centres and special classes in the government schools. They were examined for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index of World Health Organization) and oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, OHI-S of Green Vermillion). Statistical analyses include frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics, whilst one-way ANOVA, simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for association analysis. Result: Majority of the children was mentally handicapped. Over 90% were from parents of middle and lower level educational background. The caries prevalence was 54.9% with mean dmft/DMFT of 1.03plusmn2.13/1.22plusmn2.23. There was no significant association between caries prevalence with parentsrsquo education and monthly household income. The only sociodemographic factor that showed significant association with caries prevalence (plt0.001) was age. The mean of OHI-S was 1.13plusmn1.03. The oral hygiene status was inversely associated with age, parents education and monthly household income. 52.8% of the children required dental treatment. In the very young, aged 2 to 6 years, 85.2% of decayed teeth (d+D) were untreated and required some form of treatment (restoration or/and extraction). Conclusion: High caries prevalence and dental treatment needs were found among the special needs children in Negeri Sembilan. This study highlights the necessity to prioritize the service delivery to the younger age group. The findings will be useful as baseline data to enable future planning of oral health care delivery for children with disabilities.nbs

District health management cycle in Malaysia

Background: Imbalance between needs, demands and resources are commonly seen in the public sector. Management team needs to manage the available resources in the best possible way to meet the health needs. This is decided by the District Health Management Team (DHMT) in the district health. The concept of District Health Management Cycle (DHMC) was initially introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its District Health Management Models as part of health sector reform initiatives. This review aim to discuss the principle and concept of DHMC in Malaysia. Methods: A literature review was conducted through online database such as Google Scholar and Pubmed to identify the current concept of DHMC. Related government documents on district health management was also identified and reviewed through official government websites. Initial keywords used are district health services and district health management. Then, combined keywords used are district health services in Malaysia and district health management in Malaysia. Finally, about 14 articles that are related were selected and reviewed. Logic framework for district management cycle and SWOT analysis was applied to highlight the internal factors (strength and weakness) and external factor (opportunity and threats) of district health management in Malaysia. Result: DHMC is a cycle involving situational analysis, planning, implementation, with continuous monitoring and eventually the evaluation. Situational analysis identified the current requirement of the district. Then district health plan will be carried out to get a clear picture of the range of inputs needed and how these inputs will be combined to achieve goals. Implementation is the process of carrying out the activity or intervention as well as using the resources without any interruption to the existing service delivery. Followed by monitoring, where it implies checking progress of District Health Plan. Finally, evaluation is a systematic way of reviewing at the implemented plan including the strengths and the shortfalls accounted during the entire process. District health management in Malaysia is not completely decentralized, therefore there are some different in its concept and principle. Conclusion: Healthcare system in Malaysia has some strength and threat. Some of the weaknesses are lack of human resources and top to down planning. The threat comes from internally such as resource constraints and externally due to social groups and political interference. District health management is the starting point of the district health service delivery. It aims to constantly balance the needs, and demands with the limited resources to improve the quality of health service

Effect Of Varying Thermal Annealing Temperature On The Characteristics Of Lower And Higher Mg-DOPED GaN

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used to produce blue light that, with phosphor, is converted into white light for everyday applications. Despite its high efficiency, the performance of GaN based LEDs is limited by the low electrical conductivity and mobility of magnesium (Mg)-doped GaN due to the presence of magnesium-hydride (Mg-H) complex, which may passivate Mg as an acceptor. In this study, the efficacy of thermal annealing treatment at different temperatures (550°C, 650°C, 750°C and 850°C) was investigated to activate Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) grown Mg-doped GaN of different doping levels. Characterization of the treated samples were carried out using Hall effect measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for electrical, surface and structural evaluation, respectively

Development of an indoor air quality checklist for risk assessment of indoor air pollutants by semiquantitative score in nonindustrial workplaces

Background: To meet the current diversified health needs in workplaces, especially in nonindustrial workplaces in developing countries, an indoor air quality (IAQ) component of a participatory occupational safety and health survey should be included. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and suggest a multidisciplinary, integrated IAQ checklist for evaluating the health risk of building occupants. This IAQ checklist proposed to support employers, workers, and assessors in understanding a wide range of important elements in the indoor air environment to promote awareness in nonindustrial workplaces. Methods: The general structure of and specific items in the IAQ checklist were discussed in a focus group meeting with IAQ assessors based upon the result of a literature review, previous industrial code of practice, and previous interviews with company employers and workers. Results: For practicality and validity, several sessions were held to elicit the opinions of company members, and, as a result, modifications were made. The newly developed IAQ checklist was finally formulated, consisting of seven core areas, nine technical areas, and 71 essential items. Each item was linked to a suitable section in the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality published by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health. Conclusion: Combined usage of an IAQ checklist with the information from the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality would provide easily comprehensible information and practical support. Intervention and evaluation studies using this newly developed IAQ checklist will clarify the effectiveness of a new approach in evaluating the risk of indoor air pollutants in the workplace

Analysis of health planning theories – a systematic approach

Background: This article examines the usage of various theories in the perspective of health planning. Accounts of transformation initiatives often reveal little about past organisational and contextual planning conditions that contributed to success. This article aims to explain the historical usage of planning theories by aligning them to the current healthcare system. Materials and Methods: A scoping review of literature using electronic database of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar was done with special attention given to three specified planning theory in relation to health care planning. A total of 30 articles, reports and theses were selected and analysed. The analysis and findings are presented based on three different theories that has been selected which are the rational planning model, incremental planning theory and mix scanning planning theories. Result: Rational planning model is a process of understanding the problem followed by establishing and evaluating planning criteria, formulation of alternatives, implementing them and finally monitoring the progress of chosen alternatives. Incrementalism refers to the method of change by which many small policy changes are enacted over time in order to create a larger broad based policy planning. Compared to some of the other budgeting methods used in healthcare, it is one of the easiest to put in practice. Mixed scanning can be said to be much less demanding and detailed compared to rationalised decision making. However, it is more comprehensive and broader compared to incrementalism. Conclusion: Health planning involves a cycle of planning process in which the ultimate goal is to improve health status or optimise wellness of a community. Although mixed scanning theory with substance from incremental theory seems to be prominently used, one has to take into account all the current issues, goals and country current situations before deciding on the most relevant theory to be used