Early Badenian transgression on the outer flank of Western Carpathian Foredeep, Hluchov area, Czech Republic

This multidisciplinary study, based on borehole cores from the Hluchov area in Czech Republic, docu- ments an early Badenian marine transgression on the outer flank of the Western Carpathian Foredeep . The shallow-marine deposits represent coastal transgression over a terrestrial topography of weathered pre-Cenozoic bedrock. The lower facies association (FA1) consists of siliciclastic sediment derived from local substrate erosion. Facies indicate a wave-dominated environment with unstable bottom, variable rate of sediment supply and an incremental rise of relative sea level. The upper facies association (FA2) consists of carbonates indicating a major landward shift of shoreline, decline in siliciclastic input and further sea-level rise. The succession represents a transgressive to highstand systems tract. The maximum flooding surface, ca . 1 m above the FA1/FA2 boundary, is signified by an anomalous decrease in K and Th, an increased Th/K ratio and highest U concentration. The heavy-mineral assemblages in FA1 confirm local sediment provenance, whereas those in FA2 indicate broader sediment derivation, including volcanic component from contemporaneous rhyolitic to rhyodacitic eruptions. The deposits contain a wide range of marine fauna, with the foraminifers and molluscs indicating an early Badenian age. Molluscs, bryozoans and echinoderms indicate a normal-salinity environment with a decreasing hydraulic energy. Foraminifers indicate salinity fluctua- tions in the lowest part of the succession. The isotopic composition of mollusc shells shows marked inter-species differences and a general negative shift in the d 13 C and d 18 O values, indicating diagenetic alteration. The impact of diagenetic processes appears to have been controlled by sedimentary facies. The highly negative d 13 C and d 18 O values correspond to sediment layers with the highest Th/K ratios and hence low clay content. Sediment permea- bility was thus probably crucial in controlling the differential circulation and impact of diagenetic fluids

Paleozoic origins of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny

Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic

FIGURES 43–45 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 43–45. Nevianipora pulcherrimoidea (Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001) n. comb. Lingshan Island. 43. MBM 284478, general view showing the arrangement of autozooids. 44, 45. MBM 284335 and MBM 284447, details of two gonozooids with an oval ooeciopore and ooeciostome with extended lips. Scale bars: 43 = 1 mm; 44, 45 = 100 µm

Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

Liu, H., Liu, X., Zágoršek, K. (2019): Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 473-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.

FIGURES 1–2 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 1–2. Filicrisia cf. allooeciata Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001, specimen MBM 092324, Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao), 5 m depth on stone. 1. General view of the infertile colony. 2. Detail of bifurcation showing the wider part of the colony before bifurcation. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm; 2 = 100 µm

FIGURES 26–31. Qingdaoella miaotiao n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 26–31. Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. Lingshan Island. 26–29. Holotype MBM 284350. 26. Colony showing the lobate growth and the position of gonozooids. 27. Extended gonozooid. 28. Detail of the long, tubular ooeciostome directed distally. 29. Discoidal, large protoecium with smooth margins. 30–31. Paratype MBM 284353, detail of the distally directed long ooeciostome, with the circular ooeciopore. Scale bars: 26–31 = 100 µm

Sedimentological and palaeocological records of the evolution of the south west ern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic) during the early Badenian

The depositional environment of the southern part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic was studied in two boreholes using sedimentological and palaeontological methods. Eight lithofacies were recognised within cores of the early Badenian deposits, comprising two facies associations, namely deposits of a coarse-grained Gilbert delta and offshore deposits. As sem blages of foraminifers document the early Badenian (Middle Miocene age). Two types of assemblages were recognised: (1) primary taphocoenoses reflecting the original environment of sedimentation, i. e. a relatively deep sublittoral (circalittoral) environment with low to normal ox ygen bottom conditions and deep-water euryoxibiont foraminifers, numerous planktonic foraminifers, agglutinated foraminifers and mixed assemblages of deep- and shallow-water foraminifers, (2) secondary taphocoenoses of shallower sublittoral (infralittoral) condition redeposited into the basin by gravity currents. These assemblages contain shallow-water foraminifers coupled with an abundant and diverse bryozoan fauna

FIGURES 7–10 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 7–10. Tubulipora similis Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001, specimens MBM 284496 from First Bathing Beach. 7. General view of the specimen. 8. Protoecium. 9, 10. Gonozooid and details of the ooeciopore. Scale bars: 7 = 1 mm; 8–10 = 100 µm