INVERSE MODELLING OF SOIL HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONS

In this paper we evaluate 2D models for soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), that incorporate the hysteretic nature of the relationship between volumetric water content θ and suction ψ. The models are based on nonlinear least squares estimation of the experimental data for sand. To estimate the dependent variable θ the proposed models include two independent variables, suction and sensors reading position (depth d in the column test). The variable d represents not only the position where suction and water content are measured but also the initial suction distribution before each of the hydraulic loading test phases. Due to this the proposed 2D regression models acquire the advantage that they: (a) can be applied for prediction of θ for any position along the column and (b) give the functional form for the scanning curves

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Patrimônio, negociação e conflito

O artigo examina a problemática do patrimônio cultural, focalizando o processo de negociação da realidade. Chama a atenção para os aspectos de divergência e conflito a partir de valores e interesses diferenciados dos atores envolvidos. Alguns exemplos são citados, como o tombamento do terreiro de candomblé, Casa Branca, em Salvador, Bahia, e o caso paradigmático de Copacabana. Procura-se mostrar que as políticas públicas de patrimônio não podem ser dissociadas da heterogeneidade e complexidade da vida social.<br>The article examines the issue of cultural heritage, focusing on the process of negotiating reality. It draws attention to aspects of divergence and conflict deriving from the different values and interests of the actors involved. A number of examples are cited - such as the registration of the candomblé terreiro, Casa Blanca, in Salvador, Bahia, and the paradigmatic case of Copacabana - in order to demonstrate that public heritage policies cannot be dissociated from the heterogeneity and complexity of social life

Vertical sections of FEA model at loading steps 2 to 5.

<p>Colors indicate amount of deformation.</p

Four horizontal sections of FEA model of loading step 5.

<p>Horizontal plane A is at surface, horizontal plane B is at the depth of the radius R of the circular plate that was loaded to simulate the elephant's foot, horizontal plane C is at the depth of the diameter D of the circular plate, and horizontal plane D is at twice the depth of the diameter D of the circular plate. Colors indicate amount of deformation.</p

Triaxial test results for the determination of shear parameters of Rhine sand with an initial density of e = 0.6.

<p>Black line: Maximum shear stress is plotted against effective normal stress associated with cohesion c [kN/m²] and friction angle [°]. Blue, green and grey line: Stress paths for experiments conducted at 50 kN/m², 100 kN/m², and 150 kN/m² confining pressure, respectively.</p

Factors and determining total mass distribution on the limbs during the elephant's walk.

<p>Factors and determining total mass distribution on the limbs during the elephant's walk.</p

One dimensional compression and rebound regression analysis for Rhine sand with an initial density of e = 0.6.

<p>Parameters and of linear functions for initial loading and unloading-reloading path lead to the stiffness value and , respectively.</p

Hardening soil model parameters.

<p>Hardening soil model parameters.</p

Grain-size distribution of Rhine sand.

<p>Grain sizes are given for characteristic values, i.e., for 10% (), 30% (), and 60% () of the sand passing the corresponding mesh size by weight.</p