270 research outputs found

    Modem H.F. à diversité d'antennes

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    Cet article présente un système opérationnel de transmission numérique d'images fixes dans la bande des Hautes Fréquences (H .F.). La particularité de ce modem est d'utiliser une diversité d'antennes en réception dans le but d'améliorer le débit standard de transmission qui est généralement limité à 4800 bits/s. Un traitement spatio-temporel basé sur l'algorithme C.M.A. est associé au réseau hétérogène d'antennes. Des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés, montrant ainsi que le débit atteint est de 40 kbits/s dans une bande de 12 kHz

    Direction finding operating on an heterogeneous array: application and experimental validation within the H.F. radio band (3-30 Mhz)

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    Array processing usually operates on a set of identical sensors. It is investigated to make a classical radio direction finding algorithm (MUSIC) run with the signals of antennas which are different one from each other ( heterogeneous array). The reason of this attempt is to take profit of the incoming polarization considered as a separating parameter, but with only one sensor at each position within the array. As a major consequence of its structure, theLe traitement d'antenne est traditionnellement mis en oeuvre sur un réseau de capteurs identiques. Il est envisagé ici d'implanter un algorithme classique de radiogoniométrie (MUSIC) sur un ensemble d'antennes différentes les unes des autres (réseau hétérogène). La motivation de ce développement est principalement d'exploiter la polarisation des ondes incidentes comme paramètre discriminant en n'utilisant qu'un seul capteur en chaque point d'échantillonnage spatial. Une conséquence importante de la structure du réseau est que, dans la mise en oeuvre de l'algorithme MUSIC, l'expression des vecteurs sources fait appel à un calcul de la réponse spatiale de chacun des capteurs utilisés. Ces considérations sont ensuite validées dans le cadre de la radiogoniométrie en gamme H.F., application dans laquelle est utilisé un modèle déterministe de la polarisation en sortie du canal ionosphérique. Un système complet de réception radio multi-voies a été développé et nous présentons des résultats expérimentaux d'estimations angulaires impliquant des émetteurs distants de plus de 1 000 km du site de réception

    Deep Learning reconstruction with uncertainty estimation for Îł\gamma photon interaction in fast scintillator detectors

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    This article presents a physics-informed deep learning method for the quantitative estimation of the spatial coordinates of gamma interactions within a monolithic scintillator, with a focus on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. A Density Neural Network approach is designed to estimate the 2-dimensional gamma photon interaction coordinates in a fast lead tungstate (PbWO4) monolithic scintillator detector. We introduce a custom loss function to estimate the inherent uncertainties associated with the reconstruction process and to incorporate the physical constraints of the detector. This unique combination allows for more robust and reliable position estimations and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlights the significant benefits of the uncertainties estimation. We discuss its potential impact on improving PET imaging quality and show how the results can be used to improve the exploitation of the model, to bring benefits to the application and how to evaluate the validity of the given prediction and the associated uncertainties. Importantly, our proposed methodology extends beyond this specific use case, as it can be generalized to other applications beyond PET imaging.Comment: Submitted to Artificial Intelligenc

    Suppression of electrical breakdown phenomena in liquid TriMethyl Bismuth based ionization detectors

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    Organometallic liquids provide good properties for ionization detectors. TriMethyl Bismuth (TMBi) has been proposed as a detector medium with charge and Cherenkov photon readout for Positron Emission Tomography. In this work, we present studies for the handling of TMBi at different electric fields and under different environmental conditions to find applicable configurations for the suppression of electrical breakdowns in TMBi at room temperature. A simple glass cell with two electrodes filled with TMBi was constructed and tested under different operation conditions. Working at the vapour pressure of TMBi at room temperature of about 40 mbar and electric fields of up to 20 kV/cm in presence of a small oxygen contamination we found the formation of a discharge channel in the liquid and a steady increase in the current. Further reduction of pressure by pumping caused the TMBi to boil and a spontaneous combustion. Eliminating the oxygen contamination led the TMBi under the same condition to only decompose. When operating the setup under an argon atmosphere of 1 bar we did not observe breakdowns of the electrical potential up to field strengths of 20 kV/cm. Still, in presence of a small oxygen contamination fluctuating currents in the nA range were observed, but no decomposition or combustion. We conclude from our experiments that TMBi at room temperature in a pure argon atmosphere of 1 bar remains stable against electrical breakdown at least up to electric field strengths of 20 kV/cm, presumably because the formation of gaseous TMBi was prevented.Comment: 14 page, 8 figure

    TLR9 activation induces normal neutrophil responses in a child with IRAK-4 deficiency: involvement of the direct PI3K pathway.

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    International audiencePolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) play a key role in innate immunity. Their activation and survival are tightly regulated by microbial products via pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs, which mediate recruitment of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) complex. We describe a new inherited IRAK-4 deficiency in a child with recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections. Analysis of the IRAK4 gene showed compound heterozygosity with two mutations: a missense mutation in the death domain of the protein (pArg12Cys) associated in cis-with a predicted benign variant (pArg391His); and a splice site mutation in intron 7 that led to the skipping of exon 7. A nontruncated IRAK-4 protein was detected by Western blotting. The patient's functional deficiency of IRAK-4 protein was confirmed by the absence of IRAK-1 phosphorylation after stimulation with all TLR agonists tested. The patient's PMNs showed strongly impaired responses (L-selectin and CD11b expression, oxidative burst, cytokine production, cell survival) to TLR agonists which engage TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, and TLR7/8; in contrast, the patient's PMN responses to CpG-DNA (TLR9) were normal, except for cytokine production. The surprisingly normal effect of CpG-DNA on PMN functions and apoptosis disappeared after pretreatment with PI3K inhibitors. Together, these results suggest the existence of an IRAK-4-independent TLR9-induced transduction pathway leading to PI3K activation. This alternative pathway may play a key role in PMN control of infections by microorganisms other than pyogenic bacteria in inherited IRAK-4 deficiency

    Effets de l’environnement de vie sur les associations entre déterminants individuels et santé périnatale en Wallonie (Belgique)

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    RĂ©sumĂ© L’association entre les caractĂ©ristiques individuelles des mères et la prĂ©maturitĂ© ou le faible poids Ă  la naissance, tout comme l’effet de l’environnement de vie sur la santĂ© pĂ©rinatale ont fait l’objet de nombreux travaux. Plus rares sont les Ă©tudes qui se sont penchĂ©es sur l’effet que l’environnement de vie pouvait avoir sur l’association entre ces caractĂ©ristiques individuelles et la santĂ© pĂ©rinatale. Dans cet article, nous adoptons une perspective multi-niveaux pour prendre en compte conjointement l’effet de l’environnement de vie et les dĂ©terminants individuels des mères sur deux indicateurs de santĂ© pĂ©rinatale, la prĂ©maturitĂ© et le faible poids Ă  la naissance en Wallonie. Les analyses portent sur 147 718 naissances vivantes uniques issues de mères qui rĂ©sidaient en Wallonie de 2010 Ă  2013. Les variables indĂ©pendantes principales sont le niveau d’instruction, le statut professionnel et l’état de cohabitation des mères. Les variables dĂ©pendantes sont la prĂ©maturitĂ© et le faible poids Ă  la naissance. Un indice synthĂ©tique des conditions de bien-ĂŞtre (ICBE) est utilisĂ© pour dĂ©crire l’environnement de vie et mis en relation avec la prĂ©maturitĂ© et le faible poids Ă  la naissance grâce Ă  des modèles de rĂ©gression logistique multivariables Ă  un et plusieurs niveaux. La frĂ©quence de la prĂ©maturitĂ© et du faible poids s’avère plus Ă©levĂ©e dans les communes avec un environnement de vie dĂ©favorisĂ©. Les mères ayant un faible niveau d’instruction, n’ayant pas d’activitĂ© professionnelle ou dĂ©clarant vivre seule courent par ailleurs un risque plus Ă©levĂ© d’accoucher prĂ©maturĂ©ment ou d’avoir un enfant de faible poids Ă  la naissance. Dans les analyses multi-niveaux, les mesures d’association entre les variables socio-Ă©conomiques de la mère et les deux variables dĂ©pendantes restent identiques aux mesures d’association observĂ©es dans les rĂ©gressions classiques. Les conditions de bien-ĂŞtre dans une commune, mesurĂ©es par l’ICBE, n’ont pas d’effet additionnel sur les associations entre les caractĂ©ristiques socio-Ă©conomiques de la mère et la prĂ©maturitĂ© ou le faible poids Ă  la naissance. Abstract The association between the individual characteristics of mothers, preterm birth or low birth weight and the impact of the living environment on perinatal health have been widely studied. Far fewer studies have examined the way the living environment can influence the association between characteristics and perinatal health. In this paper, we adopt a multi-level analysis to simultaneously study the effects of the living environment and the individual characteristics of the mothers on preterm birth and low-birth weight in Wallonia. The study population consists of 147’718 single live births to mothers who resided in Wallonia and delivered between 2010 and 2013. The main independent variables are the mothers’s level of education, their occupational and cohabitation status. The dependent variables are preterm birth and low birth weight. A synthetic index of Well-being condition (ICBE) is used to describe living conditions. The association between these conditions, preterm birth and low birth weight is quantified through multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for mothers’ characteristics. Preterm birth and low birth weight rates are higher in municipalities with a poor living environment. Non-working, single mothers or with low levels of education are at higher risk of delivering a preterm or low birth weight baby. In the multilevel analyses, the association between the socio-economic variables and the two dependent variables is similar to the one observed in the classical regressions (one level-analysis). Well-Being conditions, measured through ICBE, have no additional effect on the association between individual socio-economic characteristics of the mother, preterm birth or low birth weight.&nbsp
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