Kontribusi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Dalam Berbagai Skala Kajian Arkeologi Lansekap

The recent development of the Geographical Information System (GIS) has had an impact on archaeological interests, both at the level of estimation and site exploration, presentation of site distribution, various types of spatial analysis and modeling, to the level of archaeological resource management especially for decision making. On the side of archaeological studies, the demands and tough task ahead, is how this discipline is able to access, process and structurize, present, and update all geo-cultural information in the dimensions of form, time and space which are increasingly unlimited in complexity. All forms of geo-cultural information and their dynamics, which are the substance of a landscape condition, require archaeology to "take action" in various scales of multidisciplinary studies. The existence of a comprehensive and structured landscape database, as well as the ability to analyze and evaluate the forms of interrelation between geosphere phenomena, are the basic assets for the success of such studies.Perkembangan Sistem lnformasi Geografis (SIG) akhir-akhir ini telah berimbas pada kepentingan arkeologi, baik di tingkat pendugaan dan eksplorasi situs, presentasi distribusi situs, beragam jenis analisis dan pemodelan spasial, hingga ke tingkat pengelolaan sumberdaya arkeologi (PSA) khususnya untuk pengambilan keputusan. Di sisi kajian arkeologi, tuntutan dan tugas berat ke depan, adalah bagaimana disiplin ini mampu mengakses, mengolah dan menstrukturkan, menyajikan, dan meng-update terus-menerus semua informasi geo-kultural dalam dimensi bentuk, waktu, dan ruang yang semakin tak terbatas kompleksitasnya. Semua bentuk informasi geo-kultural beserta dinamikanya, yang menjadi substansi dari suatu kondisi lansekap, menuntut arkeologi untuk "berkiprah" dalam berbagai skala kajian secara multidisipliner. Keberadaan basisdata lansekap yang komprehensif dan terstruktur, serta kemampuan menganalisis dan mengevaluasi bentuk-bentuk interrelasi antar fenomena geosfera, adalah modal dasar bagi keberhasilan kajian seperti ini

JEJAK PERMUKIMAN PADA BEKAS KAWAH DORO BENTE: SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF GEOARKEOLOGI KAWASAN TAMBORA

Tambora Mountain region still has a mystery about a buried civilization, therefore research is still being carried out to uncover it. This researchaims to obtain archaeological evidence related to settlements on Doro Bente site, located on one of cratersremains on the southern slope of Mount Tambora. Data collection is done through excavation and survey, then analyzed using specific methods which is landscape, contextual, and comparative analysis. At the landscape scale, a recognition to landformis carried out through maps and elevation models, as well as determining the boundaries. Significant artifacts such as clay beads, necklace pendants, mest ballast, bronze ring, ecofacts, features, and the results of landscape reconstruction, further strengthen the indications of settlements, even fromperiod before the 1815 eruption. Kawasan Gunung Tambora masih menyimpan misteri tentang peradaban yang terkubur, maka dari itu penelitian tetap dilakukan untuk mengungkap jejak-jejak peradaban tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti arkeologis terkait permukiman di Situs Doro Bente,yang terletak pada bekas kawah salah satu gunung parasit di lereng selatanGunung Tambora. Pengumpulan datadilakukan melalui ekskavasi dan survei, kemudian dianalisis dengan metode khusus yaitu analisislanskap, kontekstual, dan komparatif. Pada skala lanskap dilakukan pengenalan bentukan lahan melalui peta dan model elevasi, serta menentukan batasannya. Melalui artefak yang signifikan seperti manik-manik tanah liat, bandul kalung, bandul pemberat, cincin perunggu, ekofak, fitur yang ditemukan, serta hasil rekonstruksi lanskap, semakin menguatkan indikasi permukiman, bahkandalam rentang waktu jauh sebelum letusan tahun 1815

Jawa tengah sebuah potret warian budaya

Buku be rjudul jawa Tc11gail: Selma/1 Potrct W111 isa11 Budaya yang diluncurkan pada saat U lang Tahun Sebelas Windu Purbakala ini dimaksudkan untuk mewadahi keingi nan para pelajar, mahasiswa, pendidik, wisatawan atau masyarukat umum yang telah sering menyampaikan permintaan tersebut daIam berbagai kesempatan

LANSKAP SPIRITUAL SITUS LIYANGAN

Liyangan archaeological site in the village of Purbasari, Residency Temanggung, Central Java, is an Old Mataram settlement predictably existed from around 8th to 10th century CE. In this site, which was buried by thick layers of pyroclastic materials of Gunung Sindoro eruption, various artefacts as well as stone structures are found including pavement, altars, retaining walls, water-temple, and remains of wooden structures. One of the most interesting aspect of this site is the orientation of the stone structures. Although the whole settlement was arranged to follow the sloping contour of the Mount Sindoro, most of the stone structures were oriented to southeast, which was not common for stone shrines built at the same period. This paper attempts to explain the reason for such an exceptional orientation using landscape archaeological approach. Our research demonstrates that the ten Liyangan stone structures were oriented to either Mount Merapi, Baka Hill, or the Prambanan temple. The orientation of the stone structures is believed as a reflection of the spatial map and the cosmology of the community lived in Liyangan centuries ago. It is suggested here that such an orientation represents the so-called “spiritual landscape”of the people

Berkala arkeologi vol. 39 no. 2 November 2019

Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 39 No. 2 Edisi November 2019 kali ini menampilkan delapan artikel dengan berbagai kajian baik arkeologi prasejarah, arkeologi klasik Hindu-Buddha, maupun arkeologi Islam-Kolonial. Sebagian besar artikel yang ditampilkan edisi November kali ini adalah artikel arkeologi Islam-Kolonial sebanyak 6 artikel, sedangkan artikel dari bidang arkeologi prasejarah dan Klasik Hindu-Buddha masing-masing sebuah artike

KARAKTER GEOARKEOLOGIS DAN PROSES BUDAYA PRASEJARAH ZONA POROS PONJONG - RONGKOP DI BLOK TENGAH GUNUNGSEWU

This thesis presents results of geoarchaeological research conducted in the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone which is situated in the Central Block of Gunungsewu, a karstic area of the southern mountains of Java. This zone run north to south from Ponjong to Rongkop Districts forming an axis nearly perpendicular to the general orientation of Gunungsewu and is flanked by two former ancient lake depressions, the so-called Wonosari Basin and Baturetno Basin. Geomorphologically, it consists of a hilly karstic area. At the northern end lays a non-karst mountain which becomes the highest topography in the Central Block of Gunungsewu and the upstream region for the underground rivers of the Southern Mountains (Gunungkidul). Surveys in the zone has located at least 56 caves bearing archaeological potential. Seven of them were excavated and the results demonstrate prehistoric human occupation from the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene. This research is addressed to contruct a model for human and landscape relationship in the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone. Geoarchaeological approach, as an interdiciplinary study involving archaeology and geomorphology, is carried out to attain the research objectives which are two folds. Firstly, to explain the geoarchaeological character of the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone that have been formed as a combination of some geomorphological aspects (morphology, morphogenetic, morphochronology, and morpho-arrangement) and archaeological aspects (distribution of caves with archaeological potential). This objective is achieved through assesment and mapping of the potential caves in the zone with regard to the local geomorphological aspects. Secondly, to explain the process of prehistoric culture, namely the cultural dynamic of the occupied caves and factors that influenced it. To attain this second objective, contextual analysis of the archaeological data and its stratigraphy which have been obtained from the archaeological excavations are conducted. Synthesis of the geoarchaeological characters and prehistoric cultural process provides an integrated explanation on the relationship between human and landscape in the research area as shown in three aspects: the landscape context and its changes, the formation and changes of the archaeological sites as well as the stratigraphic contex

Karakter Geoarkeologis dan Proses Budaya Prasejarah Zona Poros Ponjong – Rongkop di Blok Tengah

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di Zona Poros Ponjong - Rongkop, yaitu bagian dari Blok Tengah Gunungsewu di Pegunungan Selatan Jawa, yang posisinya diapit oleh dua depresi bekas danau purba, yaitu Ledok Wonosari dan Ledok Baturetno. Morfologinya berupa punggungan perbukitan karst berarah utara-selatan antara daerah Ponjong dan Rong-kop, membentuk semacam poros hampir tegak lurus terhadap bentangan umum Gunungsewu. Bagian paling utara ber-batasan dengan pegunungan non-karst dan memiliki topografi tertinggi di Blok Tengah Gunungsewu, sehingga menjadi wilayah hulu bagi sungai-sungai bawahtanah di Gunungkidul. Melalui beberapa survei ditemukan sejumlah 56 gua yang memiliki potensi arkeologis, tujuh di antaranya sudah diekskavasi dan terbukti menyimpan jejak-jejak hunian prase-jarah dari Kala Pleistosen Akhir - Holosen Awal. Pendekatan geoarkeologis sebagai studi gabungan antara arkeologi dan geomorfologi, dilakukan untuk membangun model-model integral mengenai hubungan sistematik antara manusia dengan bentanglahan karst Gunungsewu di area penelitian. Dua hal yang menjadi tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, menjelaskan karakter geoarkeologis Zona Poros Ponjong - Rongkop sebagai perpaduan antara aspek-aspek geomorfologis (morfologi, morfogenesis, morfokronologi, dan morfoaransemen) dan aspek-aspek arkeologis (distri-busi gua dan potensi arkeologisnya). Tujuan ini dicapai melalui penilaian dan pemetaan distribusi potensi gua sebagai situs arkeologis, kemudian menganalisis hubungannya dengan aspek-aspek geomorfologis setempat. Kedua, menjelas-kan proses budaya prasejarah, yaitu bentuk dinamis dari budaya penghunian gua beserta faktor-faktor yang mempen-garuhinya. Metode untuk mencapai tujuan ini adalah dengan menganalisis konteks data arkeologis dan stratigrafi lantai gua yang pernah diekskavasi. Sintesis kajian atas kedua capaian tujuan ini memberikan penjelasan integral atas karakter geoarkeologis dan proses budaya prasejarah di area penelitian, dalam konteks dan perubahan bentanglahan, pembentu-kan dan perubahan situs, serta konteks stratigrafi. ABSTRACT  This thesis presents results of geoarchaeological research conducted in the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone which is situated in the Central Block of Gunungsewu, a karstic area of the southern mountains of Java. This zone run north to south from Ponjong to Rongkop Districts forming an axis nearly perpendicular to the general orientation of Gunungsewu and is flanked by two former ancient lake depressions, the so-called Wonosari Basin and Baturetno Basin. Geomorphologically, it consists of a hilly karstic area. At the northern end lays a non-karst mountain which becomes the highest topography in the Central Block of Gunungsewu and the upstream region for the underground rivers of the Southern Mountains (Gunun-gkidul). Surveys in the zone has located at least 56 caves bearing archaeological potential. Seven of them were excavated and the results demonstrate prehistoric human occupation from the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene. This research is addressed to contruct a model for human and landscape relationship in the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone. Geoarchaeolog-ical approach, as an interdiciplinary study involving archaeology and geomorphology, is carried out to attain the research objectives which are two folds. Firstly, to explain the geoarchaeological character of the Ponjong - Rongkop Axis Zone that have been formed as a combination of some geomorphological aspects (morphology, morphogenetic, morphochronology, and morpho-arrangement) and archaeological aspects (distribution of caves with archaeological potential). This objective is achieved through assesment and mapping of the potential caves in the zone with regard to the local geomorphological aspects. Secondly, to explain the process of prehistoric culture, namely the cultural dynamic of the occupied caves and factors that influenced it. To attain this second objective, contextual analysis of the archaeological data and its stratigraphy which have been obtained from the archaeological excavations are conducted. Synthesis of the geoarchaeological characters and prehistoric cultural process provides an integrated explanation on the relationship between human and landscape in the re-search area as shown in three aspects: the landscape context and its changes, the formation and changes of the archaeological sites as well as the stratigraphic context

DYNAMIC INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANDFORM EVOLUTIONS, HUMAN HABITATION AND BIODIVERSITY IN GUNUNG SEWU KARST, JAVA-INDONESIA

Gunung Sewu Karst is situated in the faulted block of Southern Java Zone, Indonesia. The area has been uplifted since the Late Pliocene. Three major uplift phases were reported to have been taking place, resulting in the exposure of Miocene carbonate rocks. Prevailing tropical monsoon climate has made it possible for the carbonate formations to evolve through karstification process. Three phases of the uplifting thereafter have resulted in three karst landform evolution. Karst landform evolution in Gunung Sewu Karst inevitably determined pre-historic human habitation. During the first stage when surface river was active, human settlement occupied open space along river courses. When the caves were exposed in the second stage, human settlement moved to the caves and distributed along dry valleys or near doline ponds. Cave habitations ended when major depression dried out provisions of extensive agricultural land. In the modern era, the situation was inverted in which the human habitation was determined by geomorphologic processes. Soil erosion was accelerated due to deforestation and agricultural land intensifications. Native species were replaced by exotic species commodities. Big mammals mentioned above were extinct