Combined Loss of JMJD1A and JMJD1B Reveals Critical Roles for H3K9 Demethylation in the Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Embryogenesis

Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is unevenly distributed in mammalian chromosomes. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the uneven distribution and its biological significance remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that JMJD1A and JMJD1B preferentially target H3K9 demethylation of gene-dense regions of chromosomes, thereby establishing an H3K9 hypomethylation state in euchromatin. JMJD1A/JMJD1B-deficient embryos died soon after implantation accompanying epiblast cell death. Furthermore, combined loss of JMJD1A and JMJD1B caused perturbed expression of metabolic genes and rapid cell death in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These results indicate that JMJD1A/JMJD1B-meditated H3K9 demethylation has critical roles for early embryogenesis and ESC maintenance. Finally, genetic rescue experiments clarified that H3K9 overmethylation by G9A was the cause of the cell death and perturbed gene expression of JMJD1A/JMJD1B-depleted ESCs. We summarized that JMJD1A and JMJD1B, in combination, ensure early embryogenesis and ESC viability by establishing the correct H3K9 methylated epigenome

A Highly Efficient Catalytic System for Polycondensation of 2,7-Dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene and 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene via Direct Arylation

Direct arylation polymerization has attracted a great deal of attention as an efficient method for synthesizing π-conjugated polymers without the use of organometallic reagents. This paper describes that Pd₂(dba)₃·CHCl₃ (0.5 mol %) and P­(C₆H₄-<i>o</i>-OMe)₃ (<b>L1</b>, 2.0 mol %), in conjunction with a carboxylic acid (AcOH or PivOH) and a base (Cs₂CO₃), exhibit high catalyst performance in polycondensation of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene and 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene. Unlike conventional catalytic direct arylation systems that have need to use highly polar solvents such as DMA and DMF, the present catalytic system is sufficiently reactive in THF and toluene to afford poly­[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylene)] (PDOF-TP) with extremely high molecular weight (<i>M</i>_n up to 347 700) in high yield

A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Alternating Copolymers with Thieno[3,4‑<i>c</i>]pyrrole-4,6-dione Units via Direct Arylation Polymerization

π-Conjugated polymers with a donor–acceptor (DA) combination of repeating units possess a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, thus resulting in a high device performance in solar cells. This paper reports an improved catalytic system for the synthesis of DA polymers containing 5-(2-hexyldecyl)-5<i>H</i>-thieno­[3,4-<i>c</i>]­pyrrole-4,6-dione-1,3-diyl (TPD) group as the acceptor unit via palladium-catalyzed direct arylation polymerization. Although a related study has been reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2068), we attempted to reduce the catalyst loading because the palladium residue in π-conjugated polymers has been known to produce a detrimental effect on device performance. As a result, the amount of palladium could be reduced to 1/8 by using PdCl₂(MeCN)₂ and P­(C₆H₄-<i>o</i>-OMe)₃ (<b>L1</b>) as catalyst precursors. The polymerization smoothly proceeds at 100 °C in THF in the presence of pivalic acid and Cs₂CO₃ to afford TPD-based DA polymers <b>3a</b>–<b>3d</b> containing the following donor units in almost quantitative yields: 4,4′-dioctyl-2,2′-bithiophene-5,5′-diyl (<b>3a</b>, <i>M</i>_n = 36800, <i>M</i>_w/<i>M</i>_n = 2.20), 4,8-bis­(2-ethylhexyloxy)­benzo­[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>′]­dithiophene-2,6-diyl (<b>3b</b>, <i>M</i>_n = 31100, <i>M</i>_w/<i>M</i>_n = 2.44), 3,4-(2,2′-dioctylpropylenedioxy)­thiophene-2,5-diyl (<b>3c</b>, <i>M</i>_n = 68200, <i>M</i>_w/<i>M</i>_n = 3.04), and 2,5-bis­(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene (<b>3d</b>, <i>M</i>_n = 65500, <i>M</i>_w/<i>M</i>_n = 2.21). A detailed analysis of the structure of <b>3a</b> is reported

Combined Loss of JMJD1A and JMJD1B Reveals Critical Roles for H3K9 Demethylation in the Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Embryogenesis

Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is unevenly distributed in mammalian chromosomes. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the uneven distribution and its biological significance remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that JMJD1A and JMJD1B preferentially target H3K9 demethylation of gene-dense regions of chromosomes, thereby establishing an H3K9 hypomethylation state in euchromatin. JMJD1A/JMJD1B-deficient embryos died soon after implantation accompanying epiblast cell death. Furthermore, combined loss of JMJD1A and JMJD1B caused perturbed expression of metabolic genes and rapid cell death in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These results indicate that JMJD1A/JMJD1B-meditated H3K9 demethylation has critical roles for early embryogenesis and ESC maintenance. Finally, genetic rescue experiments clarified that H3K9 overmethylation by G9A was the cause of the cell death and perturbed gene expression of JMJD1A/JMJD1B-depleted ESCs. We summarized that JMJD1A and JMJD1B, in combination, ensure early embryogenesis and ESC viability by establishing the correct H3K9 methylated epigenome

The Function of the \u22Day Team\u22 at the Psychological Clinic in Kyushu University

要約 Ⅰ.九州大学心理教育相談室における「曜日チーム」の設立主旨 Ⅱ.2012年度の「曜日チーム」のシステム Ⅲ.「曜日チーム」の機能 Ⅳ.まとめと今後の課題 文献本稿の目的は，九州大学心理教育相談室における「曜日チーム」の機能について考察することである。「曜日チーム」は大学院生の縦割りグループであり，心理教育相談室の運営および研修の活動単位である。設立されてから25年が経過し，様々な研修や業務を行っている。本稿では，相談員の相互作用，相談員の所属意識，電話応対業務および相談室運営業務，相談員の相互研修という観点から，「曜日チーム」の機能についてまとめた。まず「曜日チーム」の設立主旨について述べ， 2012年度の曜日チームシステムを紹介した。その後， 2012年度の活動を振り返り，「曜日チーム」が相談員研修として働いている機能についてまとめた。電話応対の研修については，段階的に難易度を上げてロールプレイを行っている様子が示された。曜日チームの機能は完全でないものも多いが，相談員が主体的に相談室運営に関わり，その年度や構成メンバーの特徴に応じて，チーフおよびサブチーフが試行錯誤しながら運営している様子が示された。The purpose of this study was to describe the function of the \u22Day Team\u22 at the Psychological Clinic in Kyushu University. The \u22Day Team\u22 (i.e., vertical groups) is the psychological training and management unit of the Psychological Clinic, and it provides a diverse range of training and work programs that have been organized over a period of 25 years. We explored the function of the \u22Day Team\u22 from the standpoint of staff interactions, sense of belonging, tasks (i.e., to handle phone calls/management of the Psychological Clinic), and mutual training. First, we defined the main purpose and constitution of the \u22Day Team\u22 and introduced how it worked to the clinic in 2012. Then, we surveyed the 2012 \u22Day Team\u22 and described how this team functioned as part of staff training. Using training sessions to handle phone calls, we taught participants how to role-play in stages. We found that the \u22Day Team\u22 was managed by trial and error, albeit not completely, and this was influenced by the features of the member who acted on his/her initiative

The International Linear Collider: Report to Snowmass 2021

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community

The International Linear Collider: Report to Snowmass 2021

International audienceThe International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community

The International Linear Collider: Report to Snowmass 2021

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community