Means of Influence on Public Opinion in Political Context: Speech Manipulation in the Media

The manipulation problem in the media has been still pressing. Processes and techniques intended for making an influence on public opinion and behaviors are in ongoing improvement, making it difficult to access an objective image of the world. Therefore, this research aims at emphasizing the importance of speech (language) means that form a basis of manipulations in mass communications. To achieve this, authors have provided the systematization of social influence processes in the media and made techniques and means of speech influence clearer. Authors provided a content analysis of texts of 2018 from the media using news resources of different countries ('Russia Today', 'RIA Novosti', 'Ukrinform' and 'Fox News Channel') as an example. The research subject consists of news materials of a politico-social nature on Russia’s participation in the Syrian conflict. Authors have empirically revealed a clear desire to influence readers of the media resources using covert means of the manipulative influence. In total, they have found five types of manipulative speech influence in texts of the media. There are self-presentation, semantic speech strategies, persuasive strategies, hit piece and information manipulation. A lexical toolkit of speech manipulation includes euphemisms, dysphemisms, slogan words, speech metaphorization, etc. Media texts have become more and more complicated as they contain hints, precedent phenomena, irony, as well as metamessages of informative presentation. Each media of the selected ones more or less uses means of speech manipulation in varying degrees. Applications of such methods of influence (in number) almost directly depend on a political attitude towards an object

Modern Trends of Internet Banking Market in Supply Chain of Russia

Nowadays modern economic system and banking system in particular is defined as a globally developed and integrated system. Internet banking gained particular interest as a kind of remote banking, which is the most progressive direction of banking system development. It is one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing sectors of the e-Commerce market. The issues of strategic development determine the interest, attracted to the development of internet banking. Practice shows that investments in such projects begin to make a profit only after a certain period of time necessary for training and adapting the system to specific conditions. Investing in software, computer and telecommunications equipment and creating a base for the transition to new computing platforms, provide banks with ability to reduce the cost of services, accelerate the payments transactions through the banking system and reduce the complexity of banking services. The largest banks provide the richest set of internet banking services abroad. Internet banking in supply chain of Russia is at the stage of formation. In order to reach the modern level of development of the banking sector, it is essential for supply chain of Russia to form a national market for internet banking. The development of remote banking services based on Internet banking technology will give a new impetus to the development of electronic banking services in banking

Synthesis, structure, and biologic activity of products of reactions between dinitrodichlorobenzofuroxane and aminopyrimidines in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Reactions of 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dichlorobenzofuroxane with substituted pyrimidines in aqueous DMSO proceed through an intermediate formation of 5-hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-7-chlorobenzofuroxane owing to the hydrolysis of one of the chlorine atoms with the subsequent formation of pyrimidine salts exhibiting a high biologic action

Biotehnološka primjena kvasca Yarrowia lipolytica uzgojenog u uvjetima nedostatka tiamina

During the cultivation of a thiamine-auxotrophic yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica VKM Y-2412 on ethanol, the growth limitation by thiamine leads to the production of α-ketoglutaric acid. The α-ketoglutaric acid synthesis has been studied in dependence on pH, oxygen supply and ethanol, zinc and iron concentrations. Under optimal conditions, Y. lipolytica produced 88.7 g/L of α-ketoglutaric acid. The culture broth containing α-ketoglutaric acid was subjected to chemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide, which led to the formation of succinic acid in significant quantities (71.7 g/L). Further direct esterification of succinic acid with excess absolute ethanol yielded diethyl succinate. Biomass of Y. lipolytica, a superproducer of α-ketoglutaric acid, was characterized by a high content of protein and essential amino acids, free amino acids, and unusually large amount of γ-aminobutyric acid. The unique amino acid composition of the producer makes it possible to use this biomass as a component of parenteral nutrition mixtures and as a basis for neuroleptics.Auksotrofni kvasac Yarrowia lipolytica VKM Y-2412 uzgojen je na podlozi s etanolom u uvjetima nedostatka tiamina, što je dovelo do nastajanja α-ketoglutarne kiseline. Ispitana je ovisnost njezine sinteze o pH-vrijednosti, opskrbljenosti kisikom i etanolom, te koncentracijama cinka i željeza. U optimalnim je uvjetima kvasac Y. lipolytica proizveo 88,7 g/L α-ketoglutarne kiseline. Podloga za uzgoj koja je sadržavala α-ketoglutarnu kiselinu kemijski je obrađena vodikovim peroksidom, što je dovelo do nastajanja značajne koncentracije sukcinske kiseline (71,7 g/L). Daljnjom izravnom esterifikacijom sukcinske kiseline uz suvišak apsolutnog etanola dobiven je dietil sukcinat. Biomasu kvasca Y. lipolytica, koji proizvodi velike količine α-ketoglutarne kiseline, karakterizira veliki udjel proteina i esencijalnih aminokiselina, slobodnih aminokiselina i neuobičajeno velika količina γ-aminomaslačne kiseline. Jedinstveni aminokiselinski sastav kvasca omogućuje njegovu primjenu u intravenoznoj prehrani i pri liječenju pacijenata antipsihoticima

Получение производных замещенных фенолов с потенциальной антимикробной активностью

Objectives. With the growing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics, the development of new antimicrobial drugs offering specific mechanisms of action becomes an urgent task. Only few antimicrobials offer a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, molds, and yeasts. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to develop methods for synthesizing biologically active derivatives of alkyl-substituted phenols (reactions at the hydroxy group) to study their biological effect.Methods. The synthesis of imidazole acetates of substituted phenols was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the chloroacetyl derivative of the selected compounds was obtained, to which imidazole was then added. O-acylation reactions at the first stage of the synthesis were carried out under varying conditions. The first version of the synthesis was carried out using chloroacetyl chloride as an acylating agent together with a high-boiling solvent. In the second variant, chloroacetic anhydride was used, along with an attempt to replace the solvent with a low-boiling one. A thymol methoxy derivative was additionally synthesized by a known method using methyl iodide and varying the reaction parameters.Results. The parameters of chloroacetylation and methoxylation of aromatic alcohols were optimized with rational selection of solvents and the ratio of reagents in the reactions. Synthesized thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) and propofol (2,6-isopropylphenol) derivatives contained imidazole as an additional pharmacophore with affinity for microorganism cell membrane proteins. A thymol methoxy derivative comprising an aromatic ether exhibiting increased hydrophobicity was also obtained. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy.Conclusions. Chloroacetyl derivatives of aromatic alcohols can be effectively synthesized by cooling the reaction mixture using an excess quantity of an acylating agent and increasing the reaction time (compared to literature data). The yield of thymol chloroacetate was 75%, while that of propofol chloroacetate was 30%. This can be explained by the sterically hindered reaction of the propofol alcohol group, which has isopropyl substituents at the second and sixth positions of the benzene ring.Цели. В связи с растущей резистентностью патогенных микроорганизмов к антибиотикам актуальной задачей является разработка новых противомикробных препаратов с уникальным механизмом действия. Немногие антимикробные препараты обладают широким спектром действия на грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии, плесени и дрожжи. В связи с этим, цель нашей работы – разработать способы синтеза биологически активных производных алкил-замещенных фенолов (реакций по гидроксигруппе) для исследования их биологического действия.Методы. Синтез имидазолацетатов замещенных фенолов проводился в две стадии. На первой стадии было получено хлорацетильное производное выбранных соединений, к которому далее присоединялся имидазол. Реакции O-ацилирования на первой стадии синтеза проводились в различных условиях. Первый вариант синтеза проводили с использованием хлорацетилхлорида в качестве ацилирующего агента и высококипящего растворителя. Во втором варианте использовали хлоруксусный ангидрид, и была предпринята попытка заменить растворитель на низкокипящий. Также было синтезировано метоксипроизводное тимола по известной методике, с применением метилйодида и варьирования параметров реакции.Результаты. Проведена оптимизация параметров хлорацетилирования и метоксилирования ароматических спиртов. Осуществлен подбор растворителей и соотношения реагентов в реакциях. Были синтезированы производные тимола (2-изопропил-5-метилфенола) и пропофола (2,6-изопропилфенола), содержащие имидазол в качестве дополнительного фармакофора, имеющего сродство к белкам клеточных мембран микроорганизмов. Также было получено метоксипроизводное тимола – ароматический простой эфир с повышенной гидрофобностью. Синтезированные соединения были охарактеризованы методом ЯМР-спектроскопии.Выводы. Синтез хлорацетильных производных ароматических спиртов при охлаждении реакционной массы с использованием избытка ацилирующего агента и увеличением времени реакции (по сравнению с литературными данными) является более предпочтительным. Выход хлорацетета тимола составил 75%, хлорацетата пропофола – 30%, что можно объяснить стерически затрудненным реагированием спиртовой группы пропофола, имеющего изопропильные заместители по 2 и 6 положениям бензольного кольца

Means of Influence on Public Opinion in Political Context: Speech Manipulation in the Media

The manipulation problem in the media has been still pressing. Processes and techniques intended for making an influence on public opinion and behaviors are in ongoing improvement, making it difficult to access an objective image of the world. Therefore, this research aims at emphasizing the importance of speech (language) means that form a basis of manipulations in mass communications. To achieve this, authors have provided the systematization of social influence processes in the media and made techniques and means of speech influence clearer. Authors provided a content analysis of texts of 2018 from the media using news resources of different countries (‘Russia Today,’ ‘RIA Novosti,’ ‘Ukrinform’ and ‘Fox News Channel’) as an example. The research subject consists of news materials of a politico-social nature on Russia’s participation in the Syrian conflict. Authors have empirically revealed a clear desire to influence readers of the media resources using covert means of the manipulative influence. In total, they have found five types of manipulative speech influence in texts of the media. There are self-presentation, semantic speech strategies, persuasive strategies, hit piece and information manipulation. A lexical toolkit of speech manipulation includes euphemisms, dysphemisms, slogan words, speech metaphorization, etc. Media texts have become more and more complicated as they contain hints, precedent phenomena, irony, as well as metamessages of informative presentation. Each media of the selected ones more or less uses means of speech manipulation in varying degrees. Applications of such methods of influence (in number) almost directly depend on a political attitude towards an object

対人関係の光と影 : 「絆」の形成、拒絶、そして崩壊の社会心理学的研究

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York. The feasibility of applying thermal analysis to study of oil-containing rocks and organic matter is reviewed. Using heavy crudes from the Ashal'cha and Mordovo-Karmal fields, the potential for analysis of the effectiveness of iron-containing precursors of aquathermolysis catalysts is demonstrated with use of data derived from thermal analysis. The thermal effects detected in the presence of the catalyst precursor, as compared with the original sample, reflect decomposition of the catalyst precursor and degradation processes for the components of the crude oil activated by the catalyst. It is shown that use of thermal analysis is feasible for preliminary selection or optimization of catalyst compositions for in-situ upgrading of crude oils, taking into account the activity of the catalyst relative to certain components of the crude in a specific temperature range

Особливості мікроциркуляції крові у студентів

Розглянуто індивідуально-типологічні особливості мікроциркуляції крові у людей студентського віку. Експериментальне дослідження включало вивчення функціонального стану мікроциркуляції крові за допомогою методу лазерної допплерівської флоуметрії (ЛДФ). Це дозволило оцінити стан тканинного кровотоку та виявити особливості мікроциркуляції крові в залежності від різних типів вищої нервової діяльності. Отриманні дані показали, що у більшості студентів переважно реєструвалася високоамплітудна ЛДФ-грама

大量調理における真空調理法の利用について

We investigated the shelf-life of vacuum cooked foods through microbial experiments and sensory evaluation with the aim of effective mass cooking in practice of service management.The foods that were heated before and after of vacuum cooking could be kept for 7days in the refrigerator. The food that was heated after of vacuum cooking with raw food soaked in strong electrolyzed water could be kept for 3days. The foods that were no heated before and after of vacuum cooking with fresh food soaked in strong electrolyzed water could be kept for 3days.We examined effective methods of washing to decrease bacterial counts in fresh vegetable