Cooperative International Direct Marketing: An Alternative for Asian-Pacific Countries to Increase Exports to Industrial Market Economies

Exporters from Asian-Pacific Countries can successfully establish marketing presence in Industrial Market Economies by directly marketing products in these country markets. Direct marketing potential in Industrial Marketing Economies can be determined by examining two critical factors: the direct marketing infrastructure and emerging environmental changes. Although the resource requirement for direct marketing is quite substantial, exporters, who combine their resources to engage in cooperative international direct marketing, will find it easier to establish marketing presence in Industrial Market Economics

An Assessment of Crop Farmer Households’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Coping Strategies in Kano State, Nigeria

The study assessed crop farmer households’ perceptions of climate change and coping strategies in Kano State of Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained by the use of structured questionnaire and household head was used as the sampling unit. A total sample size of 407 crop farmer households were selected through simple random sampling and it represent 20% of the sample frame of 2036. Descriptive statistics such as percentage and mean scores were used to analyse the data collected for the study. Perception of farm household was judged by the mean scores derived from the 5-point Likert items. The study revealed that decrease in crop production (mean score M = 5) was the major perceived climate change effect on their crop production. This was followed by decrease in food availability (M=4.25), decrease soil fertility (M=3.86) and increase pest and disease infestation (M=3.79). The average mean score of the farmer’s perception of climate change on crop production was 3.93. This implies that the respondents in the study area agreed that climate change lead to decrease in crop production. The major coping strategy adopted by farmers in the study area was changing crop variety which was indicated by about 80% of the respondents. Other coping strategies include crop rotation (about 41%), mixed cropping and shifting cultivation constituting about 34% respectively. Based on these findings, it is recommended that crop farmers in the study area should be encouraged to use farm level adaptation measures. This can be achieved through developing appropriate farm-level climate adaptation technologies by research institutes and disseminating them to farmers at the appropriate time. Since most respondents used different varieties of crops to cope with climate change effects in the study area, agricultural organizations and research institute should put more effort in developing new varieties of crop that will suit the climatic conditions of the farmers and farmers should have direct link with the research institutes or seed companies in order to have access to the new seed varieties.Keywords: Perception, coping strategies, crop farmer, household, climate change

Peningkatan Sosial Melalui Metode Bermain Peran Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Tk

This research is motivated social development of children is still low as the children can not cooperate completing tasks / jobs, children may not be able to help each other to friends who are having trouble, the child can not obey the rules in a game. The purpose of this research is to improve the social emotional development through methods play a role in children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri 01 Matan Hilir Selatan Ketapang. This study used a descriptive method because the researcher intends to reveal all the findings as it is. Based on the research that has been done that the increase in social development of the child is developing very well. As for specifically: 1) Planning learning that teachers include: makes RKH according to the theme and sub-theme, selecting play materials appropriate to the theme and sub-theme, determine instructional methods, determining learning outcomes. 2) Implementation of the learning that teachers do the following: a) Implement environmental footing, b) Implement a foothold before the play, c) Implement footing while playing: collaborated complete tasks / work in, helping each other to friends who are having trouble, obey the rules in a game, d) Implement a foothold after the play. 3) Improvement of social emotional development in children aged 5-6 years are: a) Children in collaboration completing the task / job, b) Children helping each other to friends who are having trouble, c) Children obey the rules in a game

Analisa Penggunaan Waterjet Pada Sistem Propulsi Kapal Perang Missile Boat Dengan Kecepatan 70 Knot

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dan kepulauan yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan alat pertahanan yang sesuai untuk menjaga kelestarian alam dari berbagai eksploitasi secara ilegal. Maka sebuah kapal perang dengan kecepatan tinggi diperlukan untuk menjaga kelestarian aset – aset negeri ini. Pada Tugas Akhir ini akan membahas tentang perancangan sistem propulsi dengan menggunakan penggerak waterjet pada kapal cepat. Kapal yang akan menjadi acuan awal adalah kapal missile boat milik Iran dengan kecepatan max 70 Knot. Perancangan berupa bentuk lambung, pemilihan mesin penggerak, sistem transmisi, serta pemilihan waterjet yang sesuai. Dalam perancangannya, kapal tersebut menggunakan penggerak waterjet atau propeller super kavitasi, yang penentuannya dapat dari nilai efisiensi propulsif yang paling besar diantara kedua penggerak tersebut. Pada perhitungan lainnya, diketahui nilai efisiensi propulsif dengan menggunakan propeller super kavitasi yaitu sekitar 60% yang lebih besar dari nilai efisiensi waterjet yaitu sebesar 58%

Bleeding after dental extractions in patients taking warfarin.

ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of bleeding after dental extractions in subjects taking warfarin continuously before and after extractions whose International Normalised Ratio (INR) was below 4.0 at the time of extraction.MethodsThis was a case series study of 150 patients without controls who required extraction of at least one tooth under local anaesthetic. All sockets were subsequently packed with absorbable oxycellulose and sutured.ResultsA total of 58 women and 92 men were included (mean age 66 years); their ages were similar. The mean INR (S.D.) was 2.5 (0.56), although most patients had an INR less than 2.5 (n=101). Ten patients (7%) bled after extraction, enough to require a return to hospital. Five patients of 101 with an INR2.5 out of 49 bled after extraction (p=0.29). Bleeding after extraction was not associated with operative antibiotics. All patients who bled were managed conservatively and none was admitted to hospital.ConclusionPatients taking warfarin whose INR is up to 4.0 and who have dental extractions in hospital do not have clinically significant bleeds post-operatively

Penyelesaian Puzzle Sudoku Menggunakan Algoritma Brute Force dan Backtracking

Sudoku games is the most popular Numeric Puzzle Games in the world. This game requires you to fill in the numbers on a blank column matrix with certain regulations. This study will discuss how to solve Sudoku primarily to take advantage of the Brute Force Algorithm and Backtracking by trying all possible contents of the box element of the matrix. This testing process using black box method, where the program uses four levels of Sudoku puzzle consists of three levels of difficulty beginner level, intermediate level, advanced level, expert level, master level. Sudoku generally consists of a table with the number of boxes 9 x 9, which made the area (region) 3 x 3. Questions Beginners and Intermediate is used. Examiners performed by using an Intel Pentium III 550MHz processor with a 1.6 GHz Core2 Duo with clock speed 694ms and 320ms for about the first and second largest known differences exist at the level of the processor

Implementasi Teknik Self Talk Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan teknik self Talk untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar pada Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep. (2) Untuk mengetahui gambaran aktivitas belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep sebelum dan setelah diberi teknik Self Talk. Untuk mengetahui (3) Apakah penerapan teknik Self Talk dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimental. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep sebanyak 12 siswa pada Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 12 siswa. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen angket dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pelaksanaan teknik self Talk terdiri atas 4 tahap yaitu tahap memberikan informasi, memberikan lembar jurnal self thought kepada siswa, pernyataan self talk positif dan evaluasi (2) Tingkat aktivitas belajar pada siswa sebelum diberikan teknik self talk berada pada kategori rendah dan setelah diberikan teknik self talk berada pada kategori sangat tinggi (3) Penerapan teknik self talk dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar pada siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep

Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 interacts with 8-<i>methoxypsoralen</i> (8-MOP) and influences psoralen-Ultraviolet A (PUVA) sensitivity

Background: There are unpredictable inter-individual differences in sensitivity to psoralen-UVA (PUVA) photochemotherapy, used to treat skin diseases including psoriasis. Psoralens are metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450), and we hypothesised that variability in cutaneous P450 expression may influence PUVA sensitivity. We previously showed that P450 CYP1B1 was abundantly expressed in human skin and regulated by PUVA, and described marked inter-individual differences in cutaneous CYP1B1 expression.Objectives: We investigated whether CYP1B1 made a significant contribution to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) metabolism, and whether individuality in CYP1B1 activity influenced PUVA sensitivity.Methods: We used E. coli membranes co-expressing various P450s and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to study 8-MOP metabolism and cytotoxicity assays in CYP1B1-expressing mammalian cells to assess PUVA sensitivity.Results: We showed that P450s CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 influence 8-MOP metabolism. As CYP1B1 is the most abundant P450 in human skin, we further demonstrated that: (i) CYP1B1 interacts with 8-MOP (ii) metabolism of the CYP1B1 substrates 7-ethoxyresorufin and 17-b-estradiol showed concentration-dependent inhibition by 8-MOP and (iii) inhibition of 7-ethoxyresorufin metabolism by 8-MOP was influenced by CYP1B1 genotype. The influence of CYP1B1 on PUVA cytotoxicity was further investigated in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, stably expressing CYP1B1 and CPR, which was more sensitive to PUVA than control cells, suggesting that CYP1B1 metabolises 8-MOP to a more phototoxicmetabolite(s).Conclusion: Our data therefore suggest that CYP1B1 significantly contributes to cutaneous 8-MOP metabolism, and that individuality in CYP1B1 expression may influence PUVA sensitivity

Content of Pb and Zn in Soils Collected in the Vicinity of Selected Automobile Workshops in Kaduna, Nigeria

To assess the availability of metals in soil for absorption, the chemical forms must be determined. In this regard, a modified  sequential extraction technique was used to determine the geochemical partitioning of Pb and Zn concentration of the soil sample obtained from these workshops were determined using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The soil samples were digested and extracted using different digestion and extraction media. The results revealed that the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the samples varied from one automobile workshop to another and similarly the Pb concentration bound to the residual phase (HNO₃: H₂O₂ (2:1)) was highest in all locations followed by that bound to magnesium chloride, EDTA and Oxalic acid. Thus HNO₃/H₂O₂ &gt;MgCl₂&gt;EDTA&gt;Oxalic acid. While the Zn concentration bound to the oxide phase (Oxalic acid) was highest in all the sampling locations followed by that bound to magnesium chloride, EDTA and nitric acid/ hydrogen perioxide. Hence, oxalic acid&gt;MgCl₂&gt;EDTA&gt;HNO₃/H₂O₂. Keywords: Bioavailability, metal content, soil, Automobile workshop