101 research outputs found
Adherence to ART among HIV Infected Female Sex Workers in Nigeria
A lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the risk of onward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and mortality. The purpose of this cross-sectional study based on Andersen\u27s conceptual framework was to test the associations between age, marital status, job/occupational status, education, membership in a peer support group, community, and facility ARV drug refill and alcohol and substance use, and adherence to ART among female sex workers (FSWs) who are 15 years and older in Rivers and Cross Rivers states Nigeria. Data were abstracted from existing program data collected between January 2015 and December 2017 by Heartland Alliance International, Nigeria. Results from chi-square statistics showed that age, job/employment, and marital status were not associated with adherence to ART. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that respondents with senior secondary education were 1.385 times more likely to adhere to ART than other education levels (OR = 1.385, 95% CI = 1.203, 1.593). Respondents who had ARV refill in the facility were 1.737 times more likely to adhere to ART than respondents who had community ARV refill (OR= 1.737, 95% CI: 1.297, 2.326). Also, respondents who were a member of a support group were 6.430 times more likely to adhere to ART compared to those not in a support group (OR= 6.430, 95% CI: 4.682, 8.831). Lastly, respondents who did not abuse alcohol or substance were 1.820 times likely to adhere to ART compared to those who did (OR= 1.820, 95%: CI: 1.356, 2.444). All-inclusive key population policies could aid in lessening the barriers the FSWs face in receiving comprehensive health services as well as endorsing interventions such as alcohol and drug rehabilitation, counseling, and incentives to join peer support groups that could benefit FSWs, their clients, and families
Historical Analysis and Challenges to Effective Control of Education in Ngeria
This paper x-rays the historical antecedent of control of education in Nigeria from the pre-colonial to post-independence era. The various key players that are responsible for effective control of education in the country were examined with their respective roles or functions. Arguments for and against the government control of education were discussed. The various challenges to effective control of education in Nigeria were succinctly elucidated. In order to overcome the challenges to control of education in Nigeria, recommendation such as the need to appoint qualified and competent candidates as inspectors / supervisors to the schools with adequate training for them to improve the skills needed to perform their jobs was proferred
Inequality and Economic Growth: An Analysis of 8-Panels
Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of inequality on economic growth in the world using continental approach.Design/methodology: Gini Coefficient and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) per capita were used to measure inequality and economic growth respectively. The study conducted a panel data analysis of the relationship between inequality and economic growth. The data span from 1991-2015. Five countries were selected each from seven continents and were also pooled together to constitute a single panel for 35 countries, thus establishing 8 panels. The Hausman test was conducted to determine whether a random or fixed effect model best fit pooled countries analysis or not.Findings: Findings revealed that for the developing countries, high income inequality retards economic growth while for the developed countries such as Europe countries; the situation seems to be different. European countries as revealed in the findings showed that developed countries have benefited from inequality which has significantly and positively affected their economic growth. The results for Panel II (Asia countries) and Panel III (Europe countries) are in line with the study of Forbes (2000) and Li and Zou (1998) that documented that inequality boosts economic growth. Importantly, we found that inequality positively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with fixed effect model while inequality negatively affects economic growth for Panels/Continents with random effect model.Research Limitation: The study did not control for each continent differences. For African countries, weak institutional settings and environment is a key factor contributing to high inequality.Originality: The paper was able to know the specific effect of inequality on economic growth in each continent in the World. This documents continents that have benefited from inequality and those that inequality has greatly affected their economies negatively
Elastic properties prediction for drilling and subsurface evaluation for the Grand Banks and Niger Delta
Formation bulk density (RhoB) is an essential parameter which can provide very useful information required for planning the position of a new well and properly characterize a reservoir for effective field development. Several correlations had been developed in the past decades to estimate bulk density. A previous study done using data from the Grand Banks reveal that the prior density-velocity relations could not predict density accurately in the five wells studied. The two major problems with these empirical relationships are: (1) they were developed primarily for clean formations and they have failed to produce reasonable estimates in non-clean/mixed-lithology formations; (2) they are not applicable to rocks that contain micro-cracks/fractures. There is no single model that has dealt with these two problems. In this thesis, a new formation bulk density prediction method that can be applied to clean formations, non-clean/mixed-lithology formations and rocks that contain micro-cracks is proposed. The model is validated with additional laboratory measurements on cores and field-tested with field wireline log data from the Niger Delta and Grand banks basins.
The most reliable method of deriving the shear wave velocity is by estimation from compressional wave velocity. Most old wells lack shear wave velocity data and for the wells drilled recently, the need to verify poor quality data makes the development of models very important. A region-specific model is proposed for more accurate derivation of shear wave velocity from compressional wave velocity applicable to the Grand Banks. This model was found to predict better than prior models.
Poisson’s ratio is commonly utilized in estimation of fracture pressure. There is need to develop a correlation specific for the Grand Banks. The availability of sufficient well data, a depth trend of Leak-off-test (LOT) data and series of Modular Dynamic Formation Tester (MDT) type data were used to establish a depth trend of fracture pressure and pore pressure profiles to aid successful well planning. The application of outputs from these models and correlations to subsurface reservoir characterization and field development was tested using the Excess Pressure (EP) methodology
Exchange rate volatility and non-oil exports in Nigeria : An empirical investigation / Sa’ad Babatunde Akanbi...[et al.]
The adoption of a flexible exchange rate system since 1986 in Nigeria has made the country witnessed varying rate of the naira vis-Ã -vis the U.S dollar. This paper examines exchange rate volatility with ARCH model and its various extensions (GARCH, TGARCH, and EGARCH) using quarterly exchange rate series from 1986-Q1 to 2014-Q4.The impact of exchange rate volatility on non-oil exports was also examined using Error Correction Model (ECM) with two different measures of volatility. The results obtained confirm the existence of exchange rate volatility and also found a significant negative effect on non-oil export performance in Nigeria. Therefore, the Nigerian government should ensure an appropriate policy mix that not only ensures a stable and realistic exchange rate but also conducive atmosphere for production and exportation
Political business cycle and fiscal discipline in Sub-Saharan Africa
We tested the Political Business Cycle theory in Sub-Sahara Africa. To provide an empirical explanation for this nexus, this paper used unbalanced panel data from thirty-six (36) Sub-Saharan African countries between 1990 and 2018. The system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) developed by Arrelano-Bover/Blundell-Bond was employed to analyze the collected data. The results of the system GMM revealed that the fiscal deficit is significantly large in election years and the deficit spending spills into the year after the election, though not as high as in the election year. We could not, however, find a significant effect in the pre-election year. In addition, we found evidence suggesting that though democracy significantly lowers the fiscal deficit, it promotes higher deficit spending in the election year and the year after the election. Hence, the study established the existence of a political business cycle in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study thus recommends that sound economic policies should be put in place to reduce the persistent deficit in SSA so as to maintain sustainable fiscal health, as well as the sustainability of macroeconomics, particularly enhanced industrialization, as the study found that countries' fiscal deficits are lower in more industrialized countries in the region
Financial inclusion and monetary policy in West Africa / Sa’ad Babatunde Akanbi … [et al.]
The study investigated the impact of financial inclusion on the effectiveness of monetary policy in West Africa for the period 2005 to 2018. The study employed Granger panel non-causality test developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin to determine the direction of causality between inflation (a proxy for monetary policy) and indicators of financial inclusion. The system GMM was also employed to investigate the impact of each indicator of financial inclusion on monetary policy. The results show that financial inclusion is a significant determinant of monetary policy. The study concludes that financial inclusion should be broadened to include a large number of economic agents in the rural areas and informal sector because a large volume of financial transactions takes place within this sector
Board Characteristics, Asset Quality and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Bank
This study evaluates how the board composition and asset quality of Nigerian deposit money banks affected their financial performance. The study used a sample size of 20 out of 33 deposit money banks and an ex-post facto research design. Panel least square regression techniques were then used to assess the secondary data gathered from the audited financial records of the participating deposit financial institutions for the years 2014 to 2021. The study found that while asset quality has a negative impact on the performance of Nigerian banks, the size of the board and the makeup of the credit committee have a beneficial impact. As a result, the study came to the conclusion that board qualities and asset quality are two further elements that affect deposit money bank performance in Nigeria. In order to ensure that its members are appropriately diverse and in compliance with the Corporate Governance Code, the study proposed that the size of deposit money institutions' boards be rationalized. In order to guarantee that banks are not exposed to excessive risk, it was also advised that the Central Bank of Nigeria should keep an eye on the operations of the credit committee
COVID-19 Vaccination: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Students and Staff (A Case of Islamic University in Uganda)
Background: COVID-19 Vaccination is an important control measure for the spread of covid -19 with in Academic Institutions. This study aimed to investigated the Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccination and associated factors among University Students and staff.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Islamic University, Uganda, from July to October 2021. A number of 397 students and staff of IUIU were selected purposively. The dependent variable was vaccination status. The independent variables were age, gender, education status, source of income, religion, marital status, nationality risk perception. Data were collected using an online google form sent via emails WhatsApp and ERP and analyze using Chi-square.Results: There were 397 participants, the modal age was 16-25 years 233 (58.7%) were male, the prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccination was 20.4 % (81). Factors such as age (OR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.25 to 1.37; p<0.001), Gender (OR= 0.59; 95% CI= 1.06 to 3.00; p=0.026), marital status (OR= 1.55; 95% CI= 0.20 to 0.56; p<0.001) were associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusion: The Study found a low Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccination (20.4%) among students and staff at IUIU, and a number of factors presented above were responsible for this. More Education and sensitization on the importance of Vaccination is still needed. A follow up study on the same should be done after full opening of academic institutions.Keywords: prevalence, COVID-19, vaccination, factor, studend and staff, UgandaCorrespondence:Naziru Rashid. University Medical Officer. Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU). Soroti, Mbale Rd, Mbale, Uganda. Email: [email protected]. Mobile phone: +256702038 741Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(01): 18-27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.07.01.0
Gut Microbiota and Innate Immune Response of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila Fed Diets Supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus
The use of antibiotics as disease control agents has become contentious due to rise in drug-resistant bacteria such as Psuedomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophilla. Studies have shown antibacterial potentials of some probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophillus as promising alternative. Therefore, effects of diets fortified with Lactobacillus acidophillus on gut ecology and health status of African River prawn, Macrobranchium vollenhovenii were investigated. Prawns fed diets fortified with Lactobacillus acidophillus were challenged with Psuedomonas aeruginosa (1 × 107 cfu/mL) and Aeromonas hydrophilla (5 × 105 cfu/mL) using bath method for 14 days. Total viable and total enterobacteriaceae counts were determined on plate count agar and McConkey agar, respectively. Haemolymph (mL), total haemocyte count (cells/mL), catalase (mg/g protein), superoxide dismutase (mg/g protein, respiratory burst activity (μmoles) and survival rate (%) were evaluated using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p = 0.05. Results revealed that Marobranchium vollenhovenii-fed supplemented diets had reduced bacteria load, gut flora dominated by beneficial bacteria, enhanced immune system and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila at 103 cfu/mL inclusion level and could be used as immunodulation against Aeromonas infection
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