MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE WITH TERMINAL VELOCITY OF MASSTRANSFER IN ELECTROLYTE

The initial-boundary value problem of the system research on the concentration and electrical fields in the double-electrode electrochemical device is suggested and solved. The problems on the conjugation of fields are considered. The electric equivalent circuit of the electrochemical device as an object with distributed parameters, which permit to keep rigorous calculations on the systems containing these devices, is developed

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSITION IN OUTPUT CIRCUIT OF CONTROLLABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL RESISTANCE

The problem of getting the analytical de pendence of the output value of the controllable electrochemical resistance (CER) on the control current is considered and solved. The mathematical simulation of the transient process in the CER output circuit involving linear inductance or linear permitta nce is carried out, too

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION FIELD IN CONTROLLABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL RESISTANCE

The initial boundary value problem on the mathematical simulation of the electrolyte concentration f ield in the controllable electrochemical resistance (CER) with plane electrodes is considered and solved. The mo del permits to conduct a complete r esearch of the electrochemical processes in full - blast CER. The check computation of space - time concentration distribution at the constant control current of CER is performed

Engaging Cervical Spinal Cord Networks to Reenable Volitional Control of Hand Function in Tetraplegic Patients

BACKGROUND: Paralysis of the upper-limbs from spinal cord injury results in an enormous loss of independence in an individual’s daily life. Meaningful improvement in hand function is rare after one year of tetraparesis. Therapeutic developments that result in even modest gains in hand volitional function will significantly impact the quality of life for patients afflicted with high cervical injury. The ability to neuromodulate the lumbosacral spinal circuitry via epidural stimulation in regaining postural function and volitional control of the legs has been recently shown. A key question is whether a similar neuromodulatory strategy can be used to improve volitional motor control of the upper-limbs, i.e., performance of motor tasks considered to be less “automatic” than posture and locomotion. In this study, the effects of cervical epidural stimulation on hand function are characterized in subjects with chronic cervical cord injury. OBJECTIVE: Herein we show that epidural stimulation can be applied to the chronic injured human cervical spinal cord to promote volitional hand function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two subjects implanted with an cervical epidural electrode array demonstrated improved hand strength (approximately three-fold) and volitional hand control in the presence of epidural stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The present data are sufficient to suggest that hand motor function in individuals with chronic tetraplegia can be improved with cervical cord neuromodulation and thus should be comprehensively explored as a possible clinical intervention