The influence of mood on decision-making

This dissertation systematizes the theory of mood influence and shows how the effects of moods unfold in different domains of decision-making. The multitude of emotion theories is organized in this thesis along the three frameworks: content-related, process-related, and regulation-related theories. With regard to the empirical work, the dissertation comprises four experimental studies that manipulated the mood of the participants and examined the differences in their decisions or decision-making strategies. The first project was dedicated to the study of decision strategies in a multi-attribute decision task. The experiment was designed to measure the use of compensatory and non-compensatory strategies in different moods and with different types of information representation. The second project extended the research question to decisions based on experience. The foraging paradigm was applied to investigate how mood is related to exploration decisions. The third project examined the mechanisms of mood regulation in relation to the default bias. In the experiment, participants in different moods faced different types of defaults: maintaining the status quo or introducing changes. The fourth project applied the ideas of mood regulation to the methodological question of non-compliance in online studies. The participants of the online-experiment watched mood-inducing videos while the time spent on the web page was measured. In summary, this work has combined decision paradigms and mood theories to clarify mechanisms of interaction between affect and cognition. The thesis concludes that mood influences the decision-making through the informational value of mood and the mood-regulating motivation

Change and status quo in decisions with defaults: The effect of incidental emotions depends on the type of default

Affective states can change how people react to measures aimed at influencing their decisions such as providing a default option. Previous research has shown that when defaults maintain the status quo positive mood increases reliance on the default and negative mood decreases it. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that positive mood enhances the preference for inaction. We extend this research by investigating how mood states influence reliance on the default if the default leads to a change, thus pitting preference for status quo against a preference for inaction. Specifically, we tested in an online study how happiness and sadness influenced reliance on two types of default (1) a default maintaining status quo and (2) a default inducing change. Our results suggest that the effect of emotions depends on the type of default: people in a happy mood were more likely than sad people to follow a default when it maintained status quo but less likely to follow a default when it introduced change. These results are in line with mood maintenance theory

Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Land Suitability: An Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Eurasia Case Study

The United Nations has identified improving food security and reducing hunger as essential components of its sustainable development goals. As of 2021, approximately 828 million people worldwide are experiencing hunger and malnutrition, with numerous fatalities reported. Climate change significantly impacts agricultural land suitability, potentially leading to severe food shortages and subsequent social and political conflicts. To address this pressing issue, we have developed a machine learning-based approach to predict the risk of substantial land suitability degradation and changes in irrigation patterns. Our study focuses on Central Eurasia, a region burdened with economic and social challenges. This study represents a pioneering effort in utilizing machine learning methods to assess the impact of climate change on agricultural land suitability under various carbon emissions scenarios. Through comprehensive feature importance analysis, we unveil specific climate and terrain characteristics that exert influence on land suitability. Our approach achieves remarkable accuracy, offering policymakers invaluable insights to facilitate informed decisions aimed at averting a humanitarian crisis, including strategies such as the provision of additional water and fertilizers. This research underscores the tremendous potential of machine learning in addressing global challenges, with a particular emphasis on mitigating hunger and malnutrition

Climate Change and Future Food Security: Predicting the Extent of Cropland Gain or Degradation

Agriculture is crucial in sustaining human life and civilization that relies heavily on natural resources. This industry faces new challenges, such as climate change, a growing global population, and new models for managing food security and water resources. Through a machine learning framework, we estimate the future productivity of croplands based on CMIP5 climate projections on moderate carbon emission scenario. We demonstrate that Vietnam and Thailand are at risk with a 10\% and 14\% drop in rice production, respectively, whereas the Philippines is expected to increase its output by 11\% by 2026 compared with 2018. We urge proactive international collaboration between regions facing crop land gain and degradation to mitigate the climate change and population growth impacts reducing our society's vulnerability. Our study provides critical information on the effects of climate change and human activities on land productivity and uses that may assist such collaboration.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figure

Economic Globalization: Challenges and Threats of the Russian National Security

The article considers tendencies and consequences of economic globalization performed mainly in the interests of Western countries. The realities of the contemporary world are hardly optimistic. At the beginning of the third millennium economic globalization leads the global community to a new state defined by a number of constructive and destructive processes. According to the authors, economic globalization not so much integrates the world as strengthens deep economic inequality of regions and countries. “New third world” is represented by the countries and territories where economic and sociocultural structures are fundamentally disrupted. Peculiarities of the development of this “new world” characterize almost all countries of the post-Soviet space. Sharp aggravation of the global competitiveness for the resources, markets, strategic transport communications actualize the problem related to ensuring the economic security of Russia. The article analyzes the twofold impact of economic globalization on national states with the domination of negative consequences for their economies that is a threat for the national security of these societies. The analysis of consequences of the world globalization for the developing countries allows to fix a new form of extremism – economic extremism. The article determines that basic threats of the economic security of Russia may include considerable dependence on the import of technologies and many kinds of consumer goods, turning the country into exclusively the exporter of natural resources, weakening of its positions on the markets of the CIS countries. Keywords: Economic globalization, economic security, multinational corporations, economic inequality, economic sanctions JEL Classifications: F52, F6

Texts Segmentation and Semantic Comparison: Method and Results of its Application

The paper describes the approach of scientific texts comparing. The approach is characterized by the comparison of significant textual passages that consist of elements of meaning. The proposed method of scientific texts comparison differs from others known methods by the using of segmentation with semantic criteria, taking into account synonyms. That allows to automatically detect the semantic similarity between two compared texts, and take into account both the morphological structure of the text and its lexico-semantic content. The results of practical application of the method are also presented in the paper

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages