A comparison of warm and combined warm and low temperature processing routes for the equal-channel angular pressing of pure titanium.

Two different processing routes were used to investigate the microstructure and strength of commercial purity (CP) titanium of grade 4 processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). In the combined temperature (CT) route the specimens were pressed at 723 K in the first pass and at 373 K in the second pass but in the warm temperature (WT) route the specimens were pressed through two passes at 723 K. Both routes led to an inhomogeneous microstructure with average grain sizes of ~1.5 and ~1.7 um after the CT and WT routes, respectively. Both routes gave improved strengthening and higher hardness but the CT route with a lower temperature step gave the highest ultimate tensile strength of ~790 MPa. The inclusion of a lower temperature processing step may be important for optimizing the strength of CP Ti for use in medical implants

Comparison of Quasi-Static Constitutive Equations and Modeling of Flow Curves for Austenitic 304 and Ferritic 430 Stainless Steels

Four different quasi-static flow curve models were investigated to describe flow curves of austenitic (304) and ferritic (430) stainless steel sheets. Uni-axial tensile tests were carried out and material constants of the models were determined by curve fitting technique. Applicability of these models over the uniform plastic deformation region was evaluated according to the value of nonlinear regression parameter R². It was observed, that the predictions made by El-Magd model are in good agreement with the experimental data for both 304 and 430 stainless steel sheets

Eosinofilik gastointestinal hastalıklar: Eosinofilik gastro intestinal hastalıkların görülme yaşı küçülüyor mu?

Eozinofilik gastrointestinal hastalıklar gastrointestinal kanalın eozinofilik infiltrasyonu ile karakterizedir. Hastalığın belirtileri etkilenen sindirim segmentine ve sindirim kanalının farklı tabakalarının tutulumuna bağlı olarak değişiklik g&ouml;sterir. Eozinofilik gastrointestinal hastalıklar, eozinofilik &ouml;zofajit, eozinofilik gastroenterit ve eozinofilik kolit gibi alt gruplara ayrılır. Eozinofilinin yerleşimine bağlı olarak mukozal, serozal ya da m&uuml;sk&uuml;ler hastalık olarak gruplamak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Mukozal hastalıklar bunların arasında en yaygın olanıdır. Eozinofilik &ouml;zofajitli hastalar hazımsızlık, kusma, disfaji şikayetleri g&ouml;sterirken, eozinofilik gastroenterit hastaları karın ağrısı, ishal ve kanlı dışkılama şikayetlerine sahiptir. Eozinofilik kolitli hastalarda ise tipik olarak ishal ve alt kadran ağrısı şikayetlerine rastlanır. Hastalık tipik olarak 3. ve 5. dekatlarda g&ouml;r&uuml;lmekle birlikte diğer yaş gruplarında da g&ouml;r&uuml;lebilir. Ana tedavi se&ccedil;enekleri arasında steroid ve diyet değişikliği vardır. 2011 ile 2012 yılları arasında &ccedil;ocuk gastroenteroloji b&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;m&uuml;zde 4 hastaya eozinofilik gastrointestinal hastalık tanısı konuldu. Bunlardan 2 tanesi eozinofilik &ouml;zofajit, 1 tanesi eozinofilik kolit, diğeri ise eozinofilik proktokolit tanısı aldı. Bu makalede eozinofilik gastrointestinal hastalık tanısı almış &ccedil;ocuk hastalarımız g&uuml;ncel &ccedil;alışmalar ışığında g&ouml;zden ge&ccedil;irildi. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders constitute a pathology characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, the symptoms of which vary depending on the affected digestive segments and the involvement of the different layers of the digestive wall. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases include subcategories such as eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis and eosinophilic colitis, and depending on the localization of the eosinophilia, it is possible to group them as mucosal, serosal or muscular disease. Mucosal involvement is the most common. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis suffer from nutrition intolerance, vomiting, and dysphagia; for patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, complaints are abdominal pain, diarrhea and blood in stool; and for patients with eosinophilic colitis, they are typically diarrhea and lower quadrant pain. The disease is typically observed in but not limited to the 3rd to 5th decades. The main therapeutic options include steroids and dietary modification. Between 2011 and 2012, 4 patients were diagnosed in our pediatric gastroenterology department. Two were diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis, one with eosinophilic colitis and one with eosinophilic proctocolitis. This study aimed to review eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in light of the recent studies, referring to children diagnosed with eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseas</p

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in a 19-Month-Old Girl with Primary Achalasia

Introduction Primary achalasia is an idiopathic motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in response to swallowing. The gold standard diagnostic method in adults is high-resolution manometry (HRM). Diagnostic criteria in adults are also used in children, but some HRM normal values may change depending on age.Case Report A 15-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital for evaluation due to persistent vomiting since birth. Vomiting included what she ate regardless of the amount of food she consumed. Barium esophagography revealed barium retention, esophageal dilatation, and a "bird's beak appearance" in the distal esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed stenosis in the lower esophagus and bubbles at the esophagogastric junction.In HRM, the resting LES pressure was 43.4 mm Hg, there was pan-esophageal pressurization with 60% of swallows and no normal peristalsis. The patient was diagnosed with type II achalasia based on the Chicago 3.0 classification.First, the tube was inserted to ensure adequate nutrition of the patient, and approximately 4 months later, when the patient was 10 kg, the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure was performed.No complications developed during and after the procedure. At the 6th month after treatment, the patient was completely asymptomatic and her weight was within normal limits for her age.Conclusion POEM is an effective and safe method in the treatment of pediatric patients with idiopathic achalasia

Mitral and tricuspid annular velocities determined by Doppler tissue imaging in hypopituitary, growth hormone-deficient patients

Background: The aim of this study is to determine systolic and diastolic velocity profiles of the left and right ventricles by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and to reveal the associations between TDI parameters and early atherosclerotic changes in adult hypopituitary patients with GH deficiency. Patients and Methods: The study group is composed of 16 hypopituitary, GH-deficient patients and 13 healthy controls. All patients had been receiving adequate substitution therapy other than GH at stable doses for at least 6 months. Conventional Doppler echocardiography and TDI of the mitral and tricuspid annulus were performed. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was calculated. Results: IMT was significantly higher in the hypopituitary group compared with controls (0.83 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.14 mm, p < 0.001). Hypopituitary patients had significantly lower peak early diastolic (E-m) mitral annular velocity (11.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 13.9 +/- 2.8 cm/s, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age was the only independent variable significantly associated with E-m and IMT in the patients. Conclusion: Diastolic abnormalities on TDI of the mitral annulus and early atherosclerotic changes occur concurrently in asymptomatic hypopituitary patients with GH deficiency. Aging may have a more deleterious effect on ventricular function and atherogenesis in this group of patients. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel

A rare cause of acute mesenteric ischemia: JAK2 positivity and chronic active hepatitis

Short bowel syndrome occurs as a result of insufficiency in the total length of the small intestine to provide adequate supply of nutrients. Seventy-five percent of cases are due to massive intestinal resection. A 35-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain was admitted to the gastroenterology department. A CT scan was performed, showing total occlusion of the portal vein and superior mesenteric vein. During the operation, widespread edema and necrosis of the small intestine were found. The necrotic segments of the small intestine were resected. The spleen was larger than normal and, in some parts, infarcts were evident, thus asplenectomy was also performed during surgery. A second-look procedure was performed 24 hours later, and an additional 10 cm jejunal resection and anastomosis was performed. His further evaluations revealed myeloproliferative disease and chronic active hepatitis B leading to thrombosis. Essential thrombocytosis and portal vein thrombosis are common in hepatitis B infection. Patients with complaints of abdominal pain in the context of essential thrombocytosis and hepatitis B should be handled with caution as they are at risk of developing portal vein thrombosis