Synthesis of β-Methylene Piperidine and Reactions of its Derivatives

This research is directly aimed at synthesis of tertiary amines which might be used in bringing about this optical resolution by means of two principles: (1) enclose the tri-valent nitrogen atom in a stable ring structure, and (2) bring about stabilization of the third nitrogen substituent by means of hydrogen bonding forces of this substituent by means of hydrogen bonding forces of this substituent with some function on the nitrogen containing ring

Comparison of geometric morphometric outline methods in the discrimination of age-related differences in feather shape

BACKGROUND: Geometric morphometric methods of capturing information about curves or outlines of organismal structures may be used in conjunction with canonical variates analysis (CVA) to assign specimens to groups or populations based on their shapes. This methodological paper examines approaches to optimizing the classification of specimens based on their outlines. This study examines the performance of four approaches to the mathematical representation of outlines and two different approaches to curve measurement as applied to a collection of feather outlines. A new approach to the dimension reduction necessary to carry out a CVA on this type of outline data with modest sample sizes is also presented, and its performance is compared to two other approaches to dimension reduction. RESULTS: Two semi-landmark-based methods, bending energy alignment and perpendicular projection, are shown to produce roughly equal rates of classification, as do elliptical Fourier methods and the extended eigenshape method of outline measurement. Rates of classification were not highly dependent on the number of points used to represent a curve or the manner in which those points were acquired. The new approach to dimensionality reduction, which utilizes a variable number of principal component (PC) axes, produced higher cross-validation assignment rates than either the standard approach of using a fixed number of PC axes or a partial least squares method. CONCLUSION: Classification of specimens based on feather shape was not highly dependent of the details of the method used to capture shape information. The choice of dimensionality reduction approach was more of a factor, and the cross validation rate of assignment may be optimized using the variable number of PC axes method presented herein

EL INGLÉS PARA FINES ACADÉMICOS: APORTACIONES EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA DEL DISCURSO CIENTÍFICO

[EN] English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is one of the fastest-expanding sub-branches of Applied Linguistics. In this fi eld of knowledge, research carried out in the areas of Genre Analysis and Contrastive Rhetoric has had particular relevance due to their valuable contribution to pedagogical material design. This paper surveys the evolution of EAP from its origins and its contribution to the analysis of scientifi c discourse. Within the Genre Analysis paradigm, this paper also explores the concepts of “discourse community” and “genre”, and the importance that these concepts have today in academic discourse research. Moreover, this paper gives an account of the role of rhetoric studies, and particularly Contrastive Rhetoric, in the development of written compositions and the analyses of written discourse in academic contexts.[ES] El Inglés para Fines Académicos (IFA) constituye en la actualidad una de las sub-áreas de mayor expansión de la Lingüística Aplicada. Dentro de este campo de estudio, las investigaciones realizadas en el ámbito del Análisis del Género y la Retórica Contrastiva han resultado particularmente relevantes por su valiosa aportación en la creación de material didáctico. En el presente ensayo se hace una revisión de la evolución que ha tenido el IFA desde sus inicios y su aportación al análisis del discurso científi co. Del mismo modo, dentro del paradigma del Análisis del Género, se examina el concepto de "comunidad discursiva" y el de "género", y la trascendencia que éstos han tenido en las investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento sobre el discurso académico en inglés, así como la importancia que han tenido los estudios de la retórica, y en particular la Retórica Contrastiva, en el desarrollo de la composición escrita y el análisis del discurso escrito en los diversos contextos académicos.Martín Martín, P. (2010). EL INGLÉS PARA FINES ACADÉMICOS: APORTACIONES EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA DEL DISCURSO CIENTÍFICO. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 5:109-121. doi:10.4995/rlyla.2010.756SWORD109121

Linguistics, TESL, and language planning in Micronesia

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe