DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ON HUMAN OVERHAND THROWING

The purpose of this study was to establish a kinetic model to examine the kinetical interactions between segments of upper limb during overhand throwing. A model of threesegment kinetic chain consisting of upper arm, forearm and distal segment was established for kinetic calculation. Using Kane method to get resultant muscular moment. The conclusions can be drawn that the Kane method is effective in describing the upper himb movement and calculating the joint torque. Upper limb movement in Baseball pitching was study by this model and find out some relationships between motion technique and kinetic data

Identification and characterization of novel Group 5 and Group 21 allergens from dust mite and IgE binding epitope mapping of Blo t 5

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Turbo and Raptor Coded SIC Receiver Performance for the Coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi

In this thesis, a coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi is proposed. We assume that both LTE and Wi-Fi transmit in the same band simultaneously, the Wi-Fi signal, which is assumed to be the stronger signal, can be decoded first. We can achieve a good performance of LTE transmission by using a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) scheme. The LTE signal, which is the weaker signal, can be decoded successfully as though there is no Wi-Fi interference. We implement a Raptor code for Wi-Fi and a Turbo code for LTE. By adjusting the code rate, the Raptor codes are adaptive to diferent channel conditions especially with interference. Meanwhile, the Turbo codes are standardized in LTE transmission. We propose a new antenna integration design, in which only one antenna is used. As a result, the space of mobile devices can be saved and the interference caused by diferent transmissions can be avoided. Then, we study two scenarios based on diferent channels. Under the first scenario, a primary user and a secondary user transmit their own signals over the same AWGN channel. The simulation results indicate that by using a SIC scheme, an increasing system capacity can be obtained by the secondary transmission, with no sacrifce of the primary user's performance. In the second scenario, the LTE and Wi-Fi transmit over a Rayleigh fading channel simultaneously. A straightforward estimation scheme is adopted to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) at the receiver. We discuss two cases according to the CSI. The first case is that the CSI is available at the receiver. A novel scheme is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of a slow block fading channel. In this scheme, we implement an interlever at both the transmitter and receiver, and therefore utilize the CSI efficiently at the receiver to improve the system performance. In the second case the CSI is available at both the transmitter and receiver. An adaptive power control scheme is proposed to adjust the transmitted power to a desired level, and therefore improve the system

Input-output-based genuine value added and genuine productivity in China\u27s industrial sectors (1995-2010)

The rapid growth of China\u27s economy has brought about huge losses of natural capital in the form of natural resource depletion and damages from carbon emissions. This paper recalculates value added, capital formation, capital stock, and related multifactor productivity in China\u27s industrial sectors by further developing the genuine savings method of the World Bank. The sector-level natural capital loss was calculated using China\u27s official input–output table and their extensions for tracing final consumers. The capital output elasticity in the productivity estimation was adjusted based on these tables. The results show that although the loss of natural capital in China\u27s industrial sectors in terms of value added has slowed, the impacts on their productivity during the past decades is still quite clear

A Novel Blind Separation Method in Magnetic Resonance Images

A novel global search algorithm based method is proposed to separate MR images blindly in this paper. The key point of the method is the formulation of the new matrix which forms a generalized permutation of the original mixing matrix. Since the lowest entropy is closely associated with the smooth degree of source images, blind image separation can be formulated to an entropy minimization problem by using the property that most of neighbor pixels are smooth. A new dataset can be obtained by multiplying the mixed matrix by the inverse of the new matrix. Thus, the search technique is used to searching for the lowest entropy values of the new data. Accordingly, the separation weight vector associated with the lowest entropy values can be obtained. Compared with the conventional independent component analysis (ICA), the original signals in the proposed algorithm are not required to be independent. Simulation results on MR images are employed to further show the advantages of the proposed method

Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: A Survey

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction results because many facts in the knowledge graphs change over time. Recently, emerging methods have shown improved predictive results by further incorporating the timestamps of facts; namely, temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC). With this temporal information, TKGC methods can learn the dynamic evolution of the knowledge graph that KGC methods fail to capture. In this paper, for the first time, we summarize the recent advances in TKGC research. First, we detail the background of TKGC, including the problem definition, benchmark datasets, and evaluation metrics. Then, we summarize existing TKGC methods based on how timestamps of facts are used to capture the temporal dynamics. Finally, we conclude the paper and present future research directions of TKGC

Zonal Soil Type Determines Soil Microbial Responses to Maize Cropping and Fertilization.

Soil types heavily influence ecological dynamics. It remains controversial to what extent soil types shape microbial responses to land management changes, largely due to lack of in-depth comparison across various soil types. Here, we collected samples from three major zonal soil types spanning from cold temperate to subtropical climate zones. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures, as well as microbial functional genes. Different soil types had distinct microbial biomass levels and community compositions. Five years of maize cropping (growing corn or maize) changed the bacterial community composition of the Ultisol soil type and the fungal composition of the Mollisol soil type but had little effect on the microbial composition of the Inceptisol soil type. Meanwhile, 5 years of fertilization resulted in soil acidification. Microbial compositions of the Mollisol and Ultisol, but not the Inceptisol, were changed and correlated (P < 0.05) with soil pH. These results demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land management changes. We also found that soil nitrification potentials correlated with the total abundance of nitrifiers and that soil heterotrophic respiration correlated with the total abundance of carbon degradation genes, suggesting that changes in microbial community structure had altered ecosystem processes. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are essential drivers of soil functional processes such as nitrification and heterotrophic respiration. Although there is initial evidence revealing the importance of soil type in shaping microbial communities, there has been no in-depth, comprehensive survey to robustly establish it as a major determinant of microbial community composition, functional gene structure, or ecosystem functioning. We examined bacterial and fungal community structures using Illumina sequencing, microbial functional genes using GeoChip, microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, as well as functional processes of soil nitrification potential and CO2 efflux. We demonstrated the critical role of soil type in determining microbial responses to land use changes at the continental level. Our findings underscore the inherent difficulty in generalizing ecosystem responses across landscapes and suggest that assessments of community feedback must take soil types into consideration. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available