1,790 research outputs found
Outage Probability of Dual-Hop Selective AF With Randomly Distributed and Fixed Interferers
The outage probability performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward
selective relaying system with global relay selection is analyzed for
Nakagami- fading channels in the presence of multiple interferers at both
the relays and the destination. Two different cases are considered. In the
first case, the interferers are assumed to have random number and locations.
Outage probability using the generalized Gamma approximation (GGA) in the form
of one-dimensional integral is derived. In the second case, the interferers are
assumed to have fixed number and locations. Exact outage probability in the
form of one-dimensional integral is derived. For both cases, closed-form
expressions of lower bounds and asymptotic expressions for high
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio are also provided. Simplified
closed-form expressions of outage probability for special cases (e.g., dominant
interferences, i.i.d. interferers, Rayleigh distributed signals) are studied.
Numerical results are presented to show the accuracy of our analysis by
examining the effects of the number and locations of interferers on the outage
performances of both AF systems with random and fixed interferers.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures, accepted with minor revisions for publication
as a regular paper in the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology on
21/09/201
Correlation of dynamic dielectric properties to reaction kinetics and changing mechanical properties of epoxy resins during cure
The principal objective of this paper is to describe how complex impedance, obtained from frequency dependent dielectric sensing technique, can be used as an effective diagnostic tool for in situ real-time investigation in the fabrication of thermoset structures.;Two epoxy systems (Pr500 from 3M and My720 from Ciba Geigy) with different functionality are characterized in terms of their dielectric, thermal, and rheological behavior. It is observed that there is a one to one relationship between Tg and conversion which is independent of cure temperature. The chemical kinetics of the reaction is satisfactorily described by an autocatalyzed reaction mechanism. The chemical rate constant has the usual Arrhenius form, whereas the diffusion rate constant is assumed to be given by a modified form of the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. The overall reaction rate constant is modeled by a combination of the chemical rate constant and the diffusion rate constant. The ability of the frequency dependent dielectric sensing technique to monitor the progress of curing reaction, build up in glass transition temperature, viscosity and to detect the time of occurrence of gel during thermoset cure are explored. The temperature dependence of the dielectric relaxation time, ionic conductivity and viscosity are described by the modified WLF equation. This approach provides a common framework for describing and comparing different related properties
UAV Swarm-Enabled Aerial CoMP: A Physical Layer Security Perspective
Unlike aerial base station enabled by a single unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),
aerial coordinated multiple points (CoMP) can be enabled by a UAV swarm. In
this case, the management of multiple UAVs is important. This paper considers
the power allocation strategy for a UAV swarm-enabled aerial network to enhance
the physical layer security of the downlink transmission, where an eavesdropper
moves following the trajectory of the swarm for better eavesdropping. Unlike
existing works, we use only the large-scale channel state information (CSI) and
maximize the secrecy throughput in a whole-trajectory-oriented manner. The
overall transmission energy constraint on each UAV and the total transmission
duration for all the legitimate users are considered. The non-convexity of the
formulated problem is solved by using max-min optimization with iteration. Both
the transmission power of desired signals and artificial noise (AN) are derived
iteratively. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of
our proposed power allocation algorithm and to show the advantage of aerial
CoMP by using only the large-scale CSI
Performance analysis of spatial modulation aided NOMA with full-duplex relay
A spatial modulation aided non-orthogonal multiple access with full-duplex relay (SM-NOMA-FDR) scheme is proposed for the coordinated direct and relay transmission in this paper. Specifically, the signal of the near user is mapped to an M-ary modulated symbol and the signal of the far user is mapped to an SM symbol. The base station first transmits signals to the near user and relay via SM-NOMA, and then the relay decodes and retransmits the signal of the far user. An SM-assisted FDR is used in this scheme to improve the spectral efficiency while reducing energy consumption and making full use of the antenna resources at the relay, since SM only activates one antenna in each transmission. We derive the ergodic capacity and bit error rate of the proposed scheme over independent Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and show the superior performance of the proposed SM-NOMA-FDR scheme
Continuous fabrication of calcium sulfate whiskers with adjustable aspect ratio in microdroplets
Hemi-hydrate and anhydrous CaSO₄ whiskers with adjustable aspect ratio were continuously synthesized by the reactive crystallization of CaCl₂ to K₂ S₂ O₈ in microdroplets. The effects of solvent and reactive temperature were examined, with SEM and XRD characterizations. Hemi-hydrate and anhydrous CaSO₄ whiskers can be, respectively, obtained in aqueous and N,N-dimethylformamide solutions at 90 °C in 180 s. The addition of ethylene glycol or glycerol as well as increasing temperature could lead to the increase in length and aspect ratio of the whiskers. Thus this preparation technique provides a simple continuous route to synthesize CaSO₄ whiskers with two kinds of crystal structures in a short time, and adjustable lengths and aspect ratios
A holographic inequality for regions
In holographic duality, boundary states that have semiclassical bulk duals
must obey inequalities, which bound their subsystems' von Neumann entropies.
Hitherto known inequalities constrain entropies of reduced states on up to
disjoint subsystems. Here we report one new such inequality, which
involves disjoint regions. Our work supports a recent conjecture on the
structure of holographic inequalities, which predicted the existence and
schematic form of the new inequality. We explain the logic and educated guesses
by which we arrived at the inequality, and comment on the feasibility of
employing similar tactics in a more exhaustive search.Comment: 15 pages plus appendices, 2 figure
Dynamics of Reproductive Allocation of Reproductive Tillers in \u3cem\u3eStipa baicalansis\u3c/em\u3e Populations on the Songnen Plains, China
Maritime coverage enhancement using UAVs coordinated with hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks
Due to the agile maneuverability, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have shown great promise for on-demand communications. In practice, UAV-aided aerial base stations are not separate. Instead, they rely on existing satellites/terrestrial systems for spectrum sharing and efficient backhaul. In this case, how to coordinate satellites, UAVs and terrestrial systems is still an open issue. In this paper, we deploy UAVs for coverage enhancement of a hybrid satellite-terrestrial maritime communication network. Using a typical composite channel model including both large-scale and small-scale fading, the UAV trajectory and in-flight transmit power are jointly optimized, subject to constraints on UAV kinematics, tolerable interference, backhaul, and the total energy of the UAV for communications. Different from existing studies, only the location-dependent large-scale channel state information (CSI) is assumed available, because it is difficult to obtain the small-scale CSI before takeoff in practice and the ship positions can be obtained via the dedicated maritime Automatic Identification System. The optimization problem is non-convex. We solve it by using problem decomposition, successive convex optimization and bisection searching tools. Simulation results demonstrate that the UAV fits well with existing satellite and terrestrial systems, using the proposed optimization framework
Optimal Beamforming for Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks with Nonlinear PA and Imperfect CSIT
In hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks (HSTNs), spectrum sharing is crucial
to alleviate the "spectrum scarcity" problem. Therein, the transmit beams
should be carefully designed to mitigate the inter-satellite-terrestrial
interference. Different from previous studies, this work considers the impact
of both nonlinear power amplifier (PA) and large-scale channel state
information at the transmitter (CSIT) on beamforming. These phenomena are
usually inevitable in a practical HSTN. Based on the Saleh model of PA
nonlinearity and the large-scale multi-beam satellite channel parameters, we
formulate a beamforming optimization problem to maximize the achievable rate of
the satellite system while ensuring that the inter-satellite-terrestrial
interference is below a given threshold. The optimal amplitude and phase of
desired beams are derived in a decoupled manner. Simulation results demonstrate
the superiority of the proposed beamforming scheme.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, journa
Security enhancement for NOMA-UAV networks
Owing to its distinctive merits, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques have been utilized in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless base stations to provide effective coverage for terrestrial users. However, the security of NOMA-UAV systems remains a challenge due to the line-of-sight air-to-ground channels and higher transmission power of weaker users in NOMA. In this paper, we propose two schemes to guarantee the secure transmission in UAV-NOMA networks. When only one user requires secure transmission, we derive the hovering position for the UAV and the power allocation to meet rate threshold of the secure user while maximizing the sum rate of remaining users. This disrupts the eavesdropping towards the secure user effectively. When multiple users require secure transmission, we further take the advantage of beamforming via multiple antennas at the UAV to guarantee their secure transmission. Due to the non-convexity of this problem, we convert it into a convex one for an iterative solution by using the second order cone programming. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme
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