The Cultivation of Intercultural Communicative Competence in Senior High School English Teaching—Based on China’s Standards of English Ability

Intercultural communicative competence is a prerequisite for students in senior high school to have a smooth communication with foreigners in the future. This paper discusses the current situation of students’ ICC through questionnaires and then analyzes students’ ICC problems respectively. In doing so, this paper offers some tentative teaching methods and hopes to cultivate students’ intercultural communicative competence under the guidance of the China’s Standards of English Ability

Rank Selection for Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used dimension reduction method that factorizes a non-negative data matrix into two lower dimensional non-negative matrices: One is the basis or feature matrix which consists of the variables and the other is the coefficients matrix which is the projections of data points to the new basis. The features can be interpreted as sub-structures of the data. The number of sub-structures in the feature matrix is also called the rank which is the only tuning parameter in NMF. An appropriate rank will extract the key latent features while minimizing the noise from the original data. In this paper, we develop a novel rank selection method based on hypothesis testing, using a deconvolved bootstrap distribution to assess the significance level accurately despite the large amount of optimization error. In the simulation section, we compare our method with a rank selection method based on hypothesis testing using bootstrap distribution without deconvolution, and with a cross-validated imputation method1. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our method is not only accurate at estimating the true ranks for NMF especially when the features are hard to distinguish but also efficient at computation. When applied to real microbiome data (e.g. OTU data and functional metagenomic data), our method also shows the ability to extract interpretable sub-communities in the data

Two new species of the genus Stenus Latreille from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)

Two new species of the genus Stenus Latreille (subgenus Stenus s. str.) are described: Stenus (s. str.) affinisecretus, sp. n., from Beijing, and S. (s. str.) guandiensis, sp. n., from Shanxi, China. These two new species were collected in the mountain areas. Important morphological characters, like those of hind wings, 8th and 9th abdominal sternites of male, and the aedeagus are illustrated for the new species. All the types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing

Lie symmetry and exact solution of (2+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with variable coefficients

The simple direct method is adopted to find Non-Auto-Backlund transformation for variable coefficient non-linear systems. The (2+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with variable coefficients is used as an example to elucidate the solution procedure, and its symmetry transformation and exact solutions are obtained

2-[(2-Carboxy­phen­yl)sulfan­yl]acetic acid

The title compound, C9H8O4S, affords a zigzig chain in the crystal structure by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The molecular geometry suggests that extensive but not uniform π-electron delocalization is present in the benzene ring and extends over the exocyclic C—S and C—C bonds

[1-(4-Hydroxy­phen­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-5-ylsulfan­yl]acetic acid

The title compound, C9H8N4O3S, shows a layer structure constructed from inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Inter­atomic distances suggest that extensive, but not uniform, π-electron delocalization is present in the tetra­zole rings and extends over the exocyclic C—S bond

catena-Poly[[diaqua­[(4-tolyl­sulfan­yl)acetato-κO]cadmium(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′]

The title complex, [Cd(C9H9O2S)2(C10H8N2)(H2O)2]n, has a linear chain structure. The central CdII ion is in a slightly disorted octa­hedral environment, coordinated by two aqua ligands, two (4-tolyl­sulfan­yl)acetate ligands and two bridging 4,4′-bipyridine ligands. The CdII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent chains, forming a layer structure. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present

Group Contribution Approach To Predict the Refractive Index of Pure Organic Components in Ambient Organic Aerosol

We introduce and assess a group contribution scheme by which the refractive index (RI) (λ = 589 nm) of nonabsorbing components common to secondary organic aerosols can be predicted from the molecular formula and chemical functionality. The group contribution method is based on representative values of ratios of the molecular polarizability and molar volume of different functional groups derived from data for a training set of 234 compounds. The training set consists of 106 nonaromatic compounds common to atmospheric aerosols, 64 aromatic compounds, and 64 compounds containing halogens; a separate group contribution model is provided for each of these three classes of compound. The resulting predictive model reproduces the RIs of compounds in the training set with mean errors of ±0.58, ±0.36, and ±0.30% for the nonaromatic, aromatic, and halogen-containing compounds, respectively. We then evaluate predictions from the group contribution model for compounds with no previously reported RI, comparing values with predictions from previous treatments and with measurements from single aerosol particle experiments. We illustrate how such comparisons can be used to further refine the predictive model. We suggest that the accuracy of this model is already sufficient to better constrain the optical properties of organic aerosol of known composition

Organic component vapor pressures and hygroscopicities of aqueous aerosol measured by optical tweezers

Measurements of the hygroscopic response of aerosol and the particle-to-gas partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds are crucial for providing more accurate descriptions of the compositional and size distributions of atmospheric aerosol. Concurrent measurements of particle size and composition (inferred from refractive index) are reported here using optical tweezers to isolate and probe individual aerosol droplets over extended timeframes. The measurements are shown to allow accurate retrievals of component vapor pressures and hygroscopic response through examining correlated variations in size and composition for binary droplets containing water and a single organic component. Measurements are reported for a homologous series of dicarboxylic acids, maleic acid, citric acid, glycerol, or 1,2,6-hexanetriol. An assessment of the inherent uncertainties in such measurements when measuring only particle size is provided to confirm the value of such a correlational approach. We also show that the method of molar refraction provides an accurate characterization of the compositional dependence of the refractive index of the solutions. In this method, the density of the pure liquid solute is the largest uncertainty and must be either known or inferred from subsaturated measurements with an error of <±2.5% to discriminate between different thermodynamic treatments. (Chemical Equation Presented)