10 research outputs found
LED Light Applied to the Feeder: Impact on Growth Performances of Chickens under Productive Conditions
This study assessed the use of feeders equipped with light鈥恊mitting diodes and their effects
on the productivity of broiler chickens under productive conditions. A total of 87,200 ROSS
308 chickens, 1鈥恉ay old, were housed in two poultry houses (CONTROL, F鈥怢ED). In CONTROL,
20,000 females (mean body weight 41.12 卤 3 g) and 25,000 males (mean body weight 41.56 卤 3 g)
were housed, while 19,200 females and 23,000 males of the same genetic make鈥恥p and mean body
weight were housed in F鈥怢ED under the same environmental conditions. In F鈥怢ED, to encourage
chickens to feed and to redistribute more feed down the feeding line, a feeder equipped with a LED
light has been installed at the end of each line. In CONTROL, no light was located on the feeders.
At the end of the cycle, the average body weight never showed significant differences both for females
(1345 g in CONTROL; 1359 g in F鈥怢ED) and for males (2771 g in CONTROL; 2793 g in FLED).
Uniformity improved in F鈥怢ED, at 75.2% in females and 54.1% in males, compared to CONTROL,
at 65.7% and 48.5%, respectively, for females and males. The feed conversion ratio followed
the same trend, being more favorable in chickens reared in F鈥怢ED (1.567) compared to those raised
in CONTROL (1.608). The application of a single F鈥怢ED at the end of each feeding line demonstrated
its utility in improving size uniformity and feed conversion
Los fructooligosac谩ridos (FOS) como aditivos inmunoestimulante en el cultivo del camar贸n Penaeus vannamei: una revisi贸n
Antecedentes: Los suplementos diet茅ticos de aditivos alimentarios sostenibles como los prebi贸ticos pueden tener efectos beneficiosos sobre el crecimiento y el sistema inmune de crust谩ceos. Objetivo. Caracterizar el uso de fructooligosac谩ridos como aditivos inmunoestimulante en el cultivo del camar贸n Penaeus vannamei. Desarrollo: Los prebi贸ticos son, ingredientes alimentarios no digeribles que afectan ben茅ficamente al hospedero estimulando selectivamente el crecimiento y/o la actividad de un determinado grupo de bacterias ben茅ficas en el tracto digestivo. Los prebi贸ticos son uno de los aditivos alimentarios que se encuentran bajo estudio para mejorar de manera potencial en el crecimiento de los organismos acu谩ticos. En acuicultura, tanto FOS diet茅ticos como ScFOS han ganado mucho inter茅s debido a sus factores promotores del crecimiento en varias especies acu谩ticas, entre ellos los crust谩ceos dec谩podos. Los efectos de los aditivos diet茅ticos de fructooligosac谩ridos (FOS) a varias concentraciones estimulan el sistema inmune de estos crust谩ceos, as铆 como la microbiota, pueden ser importantes herramientas para potenciar el sistema inmune. Conclusiones: El empleo de los fructooligosac谩ridos como aditivos inmunoestimulantes en el cultivo de los camarones P. vannamei mejora su estado fisiol贸gico debido a los cambios beneficiosos en la microbiota y en consecuencia el desplazamiento de microorganismos pat贸genos y potencia los mecanismos de la respuesta inmunol贸gica innata por medio de la estimulaci贸n respuesta celular, espec铆ficamente un aumento de enzimas del sistema inmune y un mayor reconocimiento microbiano estimulaci贸n en los t铆tulos de lectinas
Efecto de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en la expresi贸n y actividad de fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus: Meta-an谩lisis
Context: Immunostimulants stimulate the immune response and growth, increase resistance to stress and disease in aquaculture. Sometimes contradictory results are found that provide confusion about the use of them, so it was posed as a problem: Could the scientific literature related to prebiotics and probiotics, where the indicators of the shrimp immune system are evaluated, serve as the basis for the decision-making in the use of immunostimulants in shrimp farming?
Objective: To evaluate the influence of prebiotics and probiotics on the expression and activity of phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp, through a meta-analysis that allows decision-making for their use in shrimp farming.
Methods: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus were searched from 2008 to 2019 on the influence of immunostimulants on phenoloxidase activity and gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed with the Jasp Metaanalysis Version 0.9.2 program. at 95% confidence.
Results: 262 scientific articles were obtained on the evaluation of prebiotics and probiotics in Penaeus shrimp. Of these, 61 met the inclusion criteria for the immune response: 51 evaluated the activity of phenoloxidase and 11 the profenoloxidase. Both prebiotics and probiotics stimulate the enzyme and proenzyme; plant extracts were the ones that most modified this activity and Bacillus was the genus that most stimulated.
Conclusions: The scientific literature related to phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp indicates that they should be carefully evaluated, due to the experimental design and the way the results express.Contexto: Los inmunoestimulantes estimulan la respuesta inmune y el crecimiento, incrementan la resistencia al estr茅s y a las enfermedades enacuicultura. A veces se encuentran resultados contradictorios que brindan confusi贸n acerca del empleo de ellos, por lo que se plante贸 como problema: 驴Pudiera la literatura cient铆fica relacionada con prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos, donde se eval煤en los indicadores del sistema inmune del camar贸n, servir como base para la toma de decisiones en empleo de inmunoestimulantes en la camaronicultura?
Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en la expresi贸n y actividad fenoloxidasa de camarones Penaeus, mediante un meta-an谩lisis que permita la toma de decisiones para su empleo en la camaronicultura.
M茅todos: Se realizaron b煤squedas en Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopusdesde el 2008 hasta el 2019 sobre la influencia de inmunoestimulantes en la actividad fenoloxidasa y expresi贸n de genes. El an谩lisis estad铆stico se realiz贸 con el programa Jasp Metaanalysis Versi贸n 0.9.2. a un 95% de confianza.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 262 art铆culos cient铆ficos sobre evaluaci贸n de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en camarones Penaeus. De estos, 61 cumplieron los criterios de inclusi贸n para la respuesta inmunol贸gica: 51evaluaronla actividad de fenoloxidasa y 11 la profenoloxidasa. Tanto los prebi贸ticos como los probi贸ticos estimulan la enzima y la proenzima; los extractos de plantas fueron los que m谩s modificaron esta actividad y los Bacillus fue el g茅nero que m谩s estimul贸.
Conclusiones: La literatura cient铆fica relacionada con fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus indican que se deben evaluar con cuidado, debido al dise帽o experimental y la forma que expresan los resultados
Una experiencia en la realizaci贸n de seminarios en Ciencias Alimentarias. (Revisi贸n)
A proposal for seminars in the third year of the Bachelor of Food Sciences at the University of Camag眉ey is presented with the objective of illustrating the effectiveness of this type of teaching activity in the training of future professionals in the specialty. The experience has three application courses in different subjects and careers that guarantee its results. In its elaboration methods of the theoretical level were used that allow the processing of the information, the characterization of the object of investigation and determine its theoretical and methodological foundations. The seminar is a type of teaching activity that allows deepening and systematizing the knowledge and skills of the students in the subjects treated in conferences, practical classes and others. Exercises students in individual and collective work, and familiarizes them with the means of investigation and reflection of the subject being addressed. It is an effective way to train future graduates in the scientific debate defending their theoretical positioning and practical experience with due respect for the opinions of others. As an illustration, two seminars conducted by the authors in the group and subject indicated are presented as examples.Se presenta una propuesta de seminarios en tercer a帽o de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Alimentarias en la Universidad de Camag眉ey con el objetivo de ilustrar la eficacia de este tipo de actividad docente en la formaci贸n de los futuros profesionales de la especialidad. La experiencia tiene tres cursos de aplicaci贸n en diferentes asignaturas y carreras que avalan sus resultados. En su elaboraci贸n se emplearon m茅todos del nivel te贸rico que permiten el procesamiento de la informaci贸n, la caracterizaci贸n del objeto de investigaci贸n y determinar sus fundamentos te贸ricos y metodol贸gicos. El seminario es un tipo de actividad docente que permite profundizar y sistematizar los conocimientos y habilidades de los estudiantes en los asuntos tratados en conferencias, clases pr谩cticas y otras. Ejercita a los estudiantes en el trabajo individual y colectivo, y los familiariza con los medios de investigaci贸n y de reflexi贸n propios de la materia que se est茅 abordando. Constituye un medio eficaz para entrenar a los futuros licenciados en el debate cient铆fico defendiendo su posicionamiento te贸rico y su experiencia pr谩ctica con el debido respeto a las opiniones ajenas. A modo de ilustraci贸n se presentan como ejemplos dos seminarios realizados por las autoras en el grupo y la asignatura indicados
Los fructooligosac谩ridos (FOS) como aditivos inmunoestimulante en el cultivo del camar贸n Penaeus vannamei: una revisi贸n
Background: Sustainable food additives used as diet supplements can have beneficial effects on crustacean growth and immunity. Aims. Characterize the inclusion of oligofructosacharides as immunostimulating additives in Penaeus vannamei shrimp culture. Development: Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that bring benefits to the host, stimulating growth and/or the activity of certain groups of bacteria in the digestive tract selectively. Prebiotics are food additives studied as potential growth promoters in aquatic organisms. In aquaculture, both diet FOS and ScFOS have gained increasing interest due to their growth-promoting factors in several aquatic species, including decapod crustaceans. The effect of several concentrations of frutoolisacharide (FOS) additives in the food stimulates the immune system of these crustaceans, as well as the microbiota, and can be important tools to boost the immune system. Conclusions: The utilization of fructooligosaccharides as immunostimulating additives in P. vannamei shrimp culture, improves their physiological state thanks to positive changes in the microbiota, and consequently, the displacement of pathogenic microorganisms. It also enhances innate immune response mechanisms through cell response stimulation, particularly an increase in the number of enzymes in the immune system, and greater microbial recognition in lectin titers.
Keywords: shrimp, fructooligosaccharide, immune response, microbiota (Source: AGROVOC)Antecedentes: Los suplementos diet茅ticos de aditivos alimentarios sostenibles como los prebi贸ticos pueden tener efectos beneficiosos sobre el crecimiento y el sistema inmune de crust谩ceos. Objetivo. Caracterizar el uso de fructooligosac谩ridos como aditivos inmunoestimulante en el cultivo del camar贸n Penaeus vannamei. Desarrollo: Los prebi贸ticos son, ingredientes alimentarios no digeribles que afectan ben茅ficamente al hospedero estimulando selectivamente el crecimiento y/o la actividad de un determinado grupo de bacterias ben茅ficas en el tracto digestivo. Los prebi贸ticos son uno de los aditivos alimentarios que se encuentran bajo estudio para mejorar de manera potencial en el crecimiento de los organismos acu谩ticos. En acuicultura, tanto FOS diet茅ticos como ScFOS han ganado mucho inter茅s debido a sus factores promotores del crecimiento en varias especies acu谩ticas, entre ellos los crust谩ceos dec谩podos. Los efectos de los aditivos diet茅ticos de fructooligosac谩ridos (FOS) a varias concentraciones estimulan el sistema inmune de estos crust谩ceos, as铆 como la microbiota, pueden ser importantes herramientas para potenciar el sistema inmune. Conclusiones: El empleo de los fructooligosac谩ridos como aditivos inmunoestimulantes en el cultivo de los camarones vannamei mejora su estado fisiol贸gico debido a los cambios beneficiosos en la microbiota y en consecuencia el desplazamiento de microorganismos pat贸genos y potencia los mecanismos de la respuesta inmunol贸gica innata por medio de la estimulaci贸n respuesta celular, espec铆ficamente un aumento de enzimas del sistema inmune y un mayor reconocimiento microbiano estimulaci贸n en los t铆tulos de lectinas.
Palabras claves: camar贸n; fructooligosac谩ridos; prebi贸ticos; respuesta inmune; microbiota (Fuente: AGROVOC
Principales factores que modifican el sistema inmune en camarones peneidos estrategias para un cultivo sostenible
Introduction: The spread of shrimp diseases worldwide during the last two decades increased the study of factors that modify the immune system. To review the main factors that modify the immune system of penaeid shrimp.
Development: The factors that affect the immune system of shrimps are classified into abiotic and biotic. Among the abiotic factors are temperature, salinity, the pH, and the presence of nitrogenated compounds in the culture environment. Among the biotic factors are the characterization of external and internal microbiotas of animals, the analysis of bioactive compounds found in the habitats, and the development of sustainable culture methods, such a as the utilization of probiotics and the biofloc technology. The immune system is particularly susceptible to environmental changes. The microbiota and bioactive components can be important tools to enhance the immune system; however, little is known about how this could be used in practice.
Conclusions: The utilization of probiotics and the biofloc technology can be very useful to enhance the response of the immune system in practice, and to produce sustainable culture, even when the mechanism activated to produce this effect is unknown.
Keywords: Abiotic factors, biofloc, probiotics, immune response, shrimp (Source: MESH)Introducci贸n: Con la expansi贸n de enfermedades de camarones a nivel mundial durante las 煤ltimas dos d茅cadas increment贸 el estudio de factores que modifican el sistema inmune. Revisar los principales factores que modifican la respuesta inmune en camarones peneidos.
Desarrollo: Los factores que afectan el sistema inmune del camar贸n se clasifican en bi贸ticos y abi贸ticos. Entre los factores abi贸ticos se encuentran la temperatura, la salinidad, el pH y la presencia de compuestos nitrogenados en el medio de cr铆a. Entre los factores bi贸ticos se destaca la caracterizaci贸n de las microbiotas externas e internas de los animales, el an谩lisis de compuestos bioactivos propios del h谩bitat y el desarrollo de nuevas metodolog铆as sostenibles en el cultivo como el uso de probi贸ticos y de la tecnolog铆a de los fl贸culos biol贸gicos (biofloc). El sistema inmune se caracteriza por ser especialmente susceptible a los cambios del ambiente. La microbiota y compuestos bioactivos pueden ser importantes herramientas para potenciar el sistema inmune; sin embargo, a煤n se conoce poco como podr铆a ser utilizada de manera pr谩ctica.
Conclusiones: El uso de probi贸ticos y de la tecnolog铆a de fl贸culos biol贸gicos puede ser de gran utilidad para potenciar la respuesta del sistema inmune de manera pr谩ctica y hacer los cultivos sostenibles, aun cuando se desconozca el mecanismo por el cual ejercen su efecto.
Palabras claves: Factores abi贸ticos, biofloc, probi贸ticos, respuesta inmune, camar贸n (Fuente: MESH
Effects of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Immune Response of the Shrimp <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> and on the Reduction in <i>Vibrio</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in Cultures of Post-Larvae
Penaeus spp. are the most cultivated type of shrimp because they have rapid growth and good adaptation to farming conditions. Due to diseases that result in high mortality and a decreased product quality, the cultivation of these shrimp globally, and in Cuba in particular, comes with the risk of significant financial losses. This study examined the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1-kestose) on the growth and immune response of shrimp, as well as the multitude of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae under culture conditions. Fructooligosaccharide was applied in a completely randomized manner at a concentration of 0.4%, in both experimental groups with seventeen tanks each. In the results of this investigation, animals of greater weight (control 6.8 卤 0.2 mg; FOS 9.5 卤 0.3 mg; p p p p p p p Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (control 2.4 脳 103 卤 0.5 脳 103; FOS 1.1 脳 102 卤 0.3 脳 102; p P. vannamei as reflected in the length, weight, and survival of the animals. Moreover, FOS stimulates the P. vannamei immune system through the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and a number of lectins. The reduction in the population load of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. might be a consequence of the improvement in the quality and immune system of P. vannamei
Efecto de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en la expresi贸n y actividad de fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus: Meta-an谩lisis
Contexto: Los inmunoestimulantes estimulan la respuesta inmune y el crecimiento, incrementan la resistencia al estr茅s y a las enfermedades enacuicultura. A veces se encuentran resultados contradictorios que brindan confusi贸n acerca del empleo de ellos, por lo que se plante贸 como problema: 驴Pudiera la literatura cient铆fica relacionada con prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos, donde se eval煤en los indicadores del sistema inmune del camar贸n, servir como base para la toma de decisiones en empleo de inmunoestimulantes en la camaronicultura?
Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en la expresi贸n y actividad fenoloxidasa de camarones Penaeus, mediante un meta-an谩lisis que permita la toma de decisiones para su empleo en la camaronicultura.
M茅todos: Se realizaron b煤squedas en Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopusdesde el 2008 hasta el 2019 sobre la influencia de inmunoestimulantes en la actividad fenoloxidasa y expresi贸n de genes. El an谩lisis estad铆stico se realiz贸 con el programa Jasp Metaanalysis Versi贸n 0.9.2. a un 95% de confianza.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 262 art铆culos cient铆ficos sobre evaluaci贸n de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en camarones Penaeus. De estos, 61 cumplieron los criterios de inclusi贸n para la respuesta inmunol贸gica: 51evaluaronla actividad de fenoloxidasa y 11 la profenoloxidasa. Tanto los prebi贸ticos como los probi贸ticos estimulan la enzima y la proenzima; los extractos de plantas fueron los que m谩s modificaron esta actividad y los Bacillus fue el g茅nero que m谩s estimul贸.
Conclusiones: La literatura cient铆fica relacionada con fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus indica que se deben evaluar con cuidado, debido al dise帽o experimental y la forma que expresan los resultados
Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Phenoloxidase Expression and Activity in Penaeus Shrimps: A Meta-Analysis
Context: Immunostimulants promote immune response and growth, and raise stress and aquaculture disease resistance. At times, the results are contradictory and misleading regarding their utilization. Accordingly, the following problematic was stated: Could the related scientific literature on prebiotics and probiotics that evaluate the indicators of the immune system of shrimps be the basis for decision-making in shrimp-culture immunostimulant use?
Aim: To evaluate the influence of prebiotics and probiotics on the phenoloxidase expression and activity in Penaeus shrimps, using meta-analysis for decision-making in shrimp culture.
Methods: Several searches were conducted in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, between 2008 and 2019, related to the influence of immunostimulants on phenoloxidase activity and gene expression. The statistical analysis was conducted by means of Metanalysis 0.9.2., with a 95% confidence interval.
Results: A total of 262 scientific articles on prebiotic and probiotic evaluation in Penaeus shrimps were compiled. Out of them, 61 met the inclusion criteria for immunological response: 51 dealt with phenoloxidase activity, and 11 studied prophenoloxidase. Both prebiotics and probiotics stimulated the enzyme and proenzyme; the plant extracts had a major role in the modification of this activity, whereas the Bacilli produced the highest stimulation.
Conclusions: The scientific literature on Penaeus shrimp phenoloxidase activity indicated careful evaluation due to the experimental design and way expressed in the results
Efecto de prebi贸ticos y probi贸ticos en la expresi贸n y actividad de fenoloxidasa en camarones Penaeus : meta-an谩lisis = Effect of prebiotics and probiotics on the expression and activity of phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp : meta-analysis
Context: Immunostimulants stimulate the immune response and growth, increase resistance to stress and disease in aquaculture. Sometimes contradictory results are found that provide confusion about the use of them, so it was posed as a problem: Could the scientific literature related to prebiotics and probiotics, where the indicators of the shrimp immune system are evaluated, serve as the basis for the decision-making in the use of immunostimulants in shrimp farming? Objective: To evaluate the influence of prebiotics and probiotics on the expression and activity of phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp, through a meta-analysis that allows decision-making for their use in shrimp farming. Methods: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus were searched from 2008 to 2019 on the influence of immunostimulants on phenoloxidase activity and gene expression. Statistical analysis was performed with the Jasp Metaanalysis Version 0.9.2 program. at 95% confidence. Results: 262 scientific articles were obtained on the evaluation of prebiotics and probiotics in Penaeus shrimp. Of these, 61 met the inclusion criteria for the immune response: 51 evaluated the activity of phenoloxidase and 11 the profenoloxidase. Both prebiotics and probiotics stimulate the enzyme and proenzyme; plant extracts were the ones that most modified this activity and Bacillus was the genus that most stimulated. Conclusions: The scientific literature related to phenoloxidase in Penaeus shrimp indicates that they should be carefully evaluated, due to the experimental design and the way the results express