48 research outputs found

    The American Dream & The Grotesque : The Novels of Nathanael West

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    タイコン リコン フクコン ジョセイ キンシュ モノガタリ サッカ ノ ケッコンカン

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    女性禁酒物語作家の作品では、被害者としての妻にスポットが当てられ、酔いどれの夫に如何に対処したかが前景化される。すなわち、女性が禁酒物語を書くことは、家庭における女性の立場を考えることであり、夫との関係、端的に言えば結婚の意義と離婚の可能性を考えることにつながっている。本稿はそうした問題意識に立ち、女性禁酒物語作家の作品を、妻がひたすら耐えて夫との関係を維持する「耐婚」、夫との関係を自らの意志で断つ「離婚」、いったん関係性を断った後に復活させる「復婚」の三つのパタンに分類して代表的作品を対比的に分析する。そのうえで、女性―禁酒―離婚というこれまであまり顧みられることの少なかった側面に光をあて、キャロル・マッティングレイの先駆的研究を補い発展させることをめざす

    カイホウ ノ ディスクール ストウ ブンガク ト domesticity

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    19世紀アメリカの社会改革運動を代表する、奴隷制度廃止、禁酒運動、婦人参政権獲得の三大「解放」運動のいずれにも関与し、それを材料に多くの作品を残したハリエット・ストウの言説の特徴を整理し、それらに共通する思想的背景を探る。それぞれのジャンルを代表する作品を分析する過程で浮かび上がるのは、宗教的、政治的、感傷的、実際的といったさまざまな面をあわせ持ちながら、ストウの原点に、理想の家庭構築への強い意欲がつねに存在していたことである。また、それはストウの個人的体験に根ざしたものであり、彼女の人生と文学が深く絡み合ったところに一つの特徴が見て取れる

    Manliness ノ ユクエ キンシュ モノガタリ ニ オケル ジユウ イシ

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    「酒に飲まれる」のではなく「酒を飲む」ことのできる男がmanly(男性的)と称される一方、酒に溺れる自らの弱さを認める態度もmanly と呼ばれる。前者は大量飲酒へと向かい、後者は禁酒を指向する意味で正反対の意味を持つ。この逆説状況をいかに説明しうるかが本稿の問題意識である。主だった辞書の定義、先行研究をおさえたあと、いくつかの禁酒物語のテクストを分析し意味の分布を計量したうえで、manly という言葉の本質要素を抽出する。最終的にそれは、「自己主張」と「自己抑制」の対立と表せ、要は自己をめぐる自由意志の問題に収斂するように思われる。そこで、それらの問題をテーマとするアーサーの後期禁酒物語を材料にケーススタディを行い、manliness の主題が禁酒物語といかに不可分に関わっているかを検証する

    R&D of 3M technologies towards the realization of exabit/s optical communications

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    Patients' preferences for involvement in treatment decision making in Japan

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    BACKGROUND: A number of previous studies have suggested that the Japanese have few opportunities to participate in medical decision-making, as a result both of entrenched physician paternalism and national characteristics of dependency and passivity. The hypothesis that Japanese patients would wish to participate in treatment decision-making if adequate information were provided, and the decision to be made was clearly identified, was tested by interview survey. METHODS: The subjects were diabetic patients at a single outpatient clinic in Kyoto. One of three case study vignettes (pneumonia, gangrene or cancer) was randomly assigned to each subject and, employing face-to-face interviews, the subjects were asked what their wishes would be as patients, for treatment information, participation in decision-making and family involvement. RESULTS: 134 patients participated in the study, representing a response rate of 90%. The overall proportions of respondents who preferred active, collaborative, and passive roles were 12%, 71%, and 17%, respectively. Respondents to the cancer vignette were less likely to prefer an active role and were more likely to prefer family involvement in decision-making compared to non-cancer vignette respondents. If a physician's recommendation conflicted with their own wishes, 60% of the respondents for each vignette answered that they would choose to respect the physician's opinion, while few respondents would give the family's preference primary importance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that a majority of Japanese patients have positive attitudes towards participation in medical decision making if they are fully informed. Physicians will give greater patient satisfaction if they respond to the desire of patients for participation in decision-making

    Upregulation of ANGPTL6 in mouse keratinocytes enhances susceptibility to psoriasis

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    Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease marked by aberrant tissue repair. Mutant mice modeling psoriasis skin characteristics have provided useful information relevant to molecular mechanisms and could serve to evaluate therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that epidermal ANGPTL6 expression was markedly induced during tissue repair in mice. Analysis of mice overexpressing ANGPTL6 in keratinocytes (K14-Angptl6 Tg mice) revealed that epidermal ANGPTL6 activity promotes aberrant epidermal barrier function due to hyperproliferation of prematurely differentiated keratinocytes. Moreover, skin tissues of K14-Angptl6 Tg mice showed aberrantly activated skin tissue inflammation seen in psoriasis. Levels of the proteins S100A9, recently proposed as therapeutic targets for psoriasis, also increased in skin tissue of K14-Angptl6 Tg mice, but psoriasis-like inflammatory phenotypes in those mice were not rescued by S100A9 deletion. This finding suggests that decreasing S100A9 levels may not ameliorate all cases of psoriasis and that diverse mechanisms underlie the condition. Finally, we observed enhanced levels of epidermal ANGPTL6 in tissue specimens from some psoriasis patients. We conclude that the K14-Angptl6 Tg mouse is useful to investigate psoriasis pathogenesis and for preclinical testing of new therapeutics. Our study also suggests that ANGPTL6 activation in keratinocytes enhances psoriasis susceptibility
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