An ultrasonic frequency sweep interferometer for liquids at high temperature: 2. Mechanical assembly, signal processing, and application

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94631/1/jgrb14130.pd

Molecular Cloning and functional characterization of a putative Elovl4 gene and its expression in response to dietary fatty acid profiles in orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides

Elongase of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) 4 probably plays a crucial role in marine fish species, where lack of Elovl2 has been considered as one possible reason for their low long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids' (LC-PUFAs) biosynthetic capability. Elongase of very long-chain fatty acids 4 is the most recent member of the Elovl family that has been investigated in fish. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of putativeelovl4cDNA isolated from marine teleost,Epinephelus coioides, and its expression in response to dietary n-3 LC-PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio. Theelovl4cDNA of grouper was 2341bp including 301bp of 5′-untranslated region (UTR), 918bp of the coding region that encodes 305 amino acids (AA) and 1122bp of 3′UTR. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that grouper Elovl4 could elongate saturated fatty acids (FA), especially 24:0 and 26:0, up to 36:0. Also, grouper Elovl4 effectively converted C20 and C22 polyunsaturated FAs to elongated polyenoic products up to C36. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that Elovl4 were widely transcribed in various tissues with the highest level in eye, brain and testis as described in other teleosts. The transcript level ofelovl4was significantly affected by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA and high LC-PUFA level repressess its expression. However, the ratio of DHA to EPA had no significant influence on its expression. These results may contribute to better understanding the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway in this fish species

An ultrasonic frequency sweep interferometer for liquids at high temperature: 1. Acoustic model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95075/1/jgrb14010.pd

Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

In the present study, two elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl5, were functionally characterized and their transcriptional regulation in response to n-3 LC-PUFA administration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We previously described the molecular characterization of croaker elovl5. Here, we report the full- length cDNA sequence of croaker elovl4, which contained 1794 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including 909 bp of coding region that encoded a polypeptide of 302 amino acids possessing all the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. Functional studies showed that croaker Elovl5, displayed high elongation activity towards C18 and C20 PUFA, with only low activity towards C22 PUFA. In contrast, croaker Elovl4 could e ectively convert both C20 and C22 PUFA to longer polyenoic products up to C34. n-3 LC-PUFA suppressed transcription of the two elongase genes, as well as srebp-1 and lxrα, major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and in vitro studies both indicated that the transcriptions of elovl5 and elovl4 elongases could be regulated by Lxrα. Moreover, Lxrα could mediate the transcription of elovl4 directly or indirectly through regulating the transcription of srebp-1. The above ndings contribute further insight and understanding of the mechanisms regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine sh species

New acoustic velocity measurements on CaO‐MgO‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 liquids: Reevaluation of the volume and compressibility of CaMgSi 2 O 6 ‐CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 liquids to 25 GPa

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95309/1/jgrb15318.pd

RUE: A caching method for identifying and managing hot data by leveraging resource utilization efficiency

In this study, we propose a caching method called RUE for dynamic large-scale data streams. We define a data model to facilitate hot data identification and management. At the heart of RUE model is hot degree that takes into account two factors data resource utilization efficiency and reuse distance, aiming to quantitatively reflect data popularity in a dynamic data stream. Based on data\u27s hot degree, RUE classifies data into four types, each of which is assigned with an associated cache residence time. Guided by RUE model, we develop HM algorithm to identify and manage hot data in a dynamic data stream. HM algorithm is implemented by four stacks, namely, new stack, short stack, long stack, and temp stack. Moreover, an eviction and a migration algorithms are integrated into HM to facilitate block replacement and migration. To evaluate the performance of HM algorithm, we quantitatively compare the performance of RUE with three state-of-art algorithms, namely, LRU, LIRS, and ARC under various replacement policies, operations, and workloads. Experimental results show that RUE outperforms these three existing algorithms in terms of both read and write hit rates. Furthermore, we show that with the four stacks in place, the computing overhead of HM is negligible

Molecular Cloning, Functional Characterization and Nutritional Regulation of the Putative Elongase Elovl5 in the Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are widely studied in fish species, as fish are the main source of n-3 LC-PUFAs for human beings. In the present study, a putative gene for elovl5, which encodes a key enzyme involved in LC-PUFA synthesis, was cloned and functionally characterized, and its transcription in response to dietary n-3 LC-PUFA exposure was investigated. Moreover, cell transfection and luciferase assays were used to explore the mechanism underlying the regulation of elovl5. The full-length cDNA of elovl5 was 1242 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including an 885 bp coding region encoding a 295 amino acid protein that possesses all of the characteristic features of elovl proteins. Functional characterization of heterologously expressed grouper Elovl5 indicated that it effectively elongates both C18 (18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3) and C20 (20:4n-6 and C20:5n-3) PUFAs, but not the C22 substrates. The expression of elovl5 was significantly affected by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA exposure: a high n-3 LC-PUFA level repressed the expression of elovl5 by slightly down-regulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and liver X receptor (LXR) α, which are major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Promoter studies showed that grouper elovl5 reporter activity was induced by over-expression of LXRα but not SREBP-1. This finding suggests that elovl5 is a direct target of LXRα, which is involved in the biosynthesis of PUFAs via transcriptional regulation of elovl5. These findings may contribute to a further understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species

Auricular acupoint pressing therapy and nursing measures for a patient with acute pancreatitis combined with gastrointestinal dysfunction (中医耳穴贴压治疗急性胰腺炎合并胃肠功能障碍1例的护理)

This paper analyzes the intervention effect of auricular acupoint pressing therapy and nursing measures in a case of acute pancreatitis combined with gastrointestinal dysfunction, and summarizes the relevant nursing experience. On the basis of improving the nursing evaluation, Traditional Chinese medicine auricular acupoint pressing treatment was adopted, and the psychological care, nutritional support and dietary care of patients were strengthened. Traditional Chinese Medicine auricular point pressing treatment can effectively improve the symptoms of acute pancreatitis combined with impaired gastrointestinal function, and accelerate the stage of full-feeding of enteral nutrition support. Moreover, it is easy-to-operate and relatively safe in clinical practice. (本文总结耳穴贴压治疗1例急性胰腺炎(AP)合并胃肠功能障碍(GID)患者的护理经验。护理人员在完善护理评估的基础上, 采用中医耳穴贴压治疗, 同时加强患者心理护理, 开展营养支持和饮食护理, 有效改善了患者AP合并胃肠功能受损症状, 加速达到肠内营养支持全量喂养阶段, 且此项操作简洁、不良反应少, 值得临床借鉴。

Apigenin inhibits angiogenesis in retinal microvascular endothelial cells through regulating of the miR-140-5p/HDAC3-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway

Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common cause of visual impairment. Apigenin has been shown to have antiangiogenic effects in various diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the role of apigenin in DR and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were exposed to high glucose (HG) to establish a DR model. HRMECs were treated with apigenin. Then we knocked down or overexpressed miR-140-5p and HDAC3, and added PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002. The expression levels of miR-140-5p, HDAC3, and PTEN were measured using qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of HDAC3, PTEN, and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. Finally, cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using MTT, wound-healing assay, and transwell assay, while angiogenesis was examined using the tube formation assay. Results HG treatment resulted in reduced miR-140-5p expression and overexpression of miR-140-5p suppressed proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of the HG-induced HRMECs. Apigenin treatment significantly restored the decreased level of miR-140-5p caused by HG treatment and inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of the HG-induced HRMECs by upregulating miR-140-5p. Moreover, miR-140-5p targeted HDAC3, and overexpression of miR-140-5p reversed the HG-inducted upregulation of HDAC3 expression. HDAC3 was found to bind to the promoter region of PTEN, inhibiting its expression. Knockdown of HDAC3 suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway by elevating PTEN expression. Furthermore, apigenin inhibited angiogenesis in DR cell models through the regulating of the miR-140-5p/HDAC3-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions Apigenin effectively suppressed angiogenesis in HG-induced HRMECs by modulating the miR-140-5p/HDAC3-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Our study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and identification of potential targets for the treatment of DR