Game among Interdependent Networks: The Impact of Rationality on System Robustness

Many real-world systems are composed of interdependent networks that rely on one another. Such networks are typically designed and operated by different entities, who aim at maximizing their own payoffs. There exists a game among these entities when designing their own networks. In this paper, we study the game investigating how the rational behaviors of entities impact the system robustness. We first introduce a mathematical model to quantify the interacting payoffs among varying entities. Then we study the Nash equilibrium of the game and compare it with the optimal social welfare. We reveal that the cooperation among different entities can be reached to maximize the social welfare in continuous game only when the average degree of each network is constant. Therefore, the huge gap between Nash equilibrium and optimal social welfare generally exists. The rationality of entities makes the system inherently deficient and even renders it extremely vulnerable in some cases. We analyze our model for two concrete systems with continuous strategy space and discrete strategy space, respectively. Furthermore, we uncover some factors (such as weakening coupled strength of interdependent networks, designing suitable topology dependency of the system) that help reduce the gap and the system vulnerability

Vibration measurement based condition monitoring

Vibrations of the transformers are complex multi-physics phenomena that require a deep understanding of electromagnetic and mechanical principles. Their analysis can be used to assess the condition of the transformer in terms of mechanical fixation quality, buckling or ageing of the components. The article presents the 20 years of efforts of researchers in Xi\u27an Jiaotong University and The University of Queensland on transformer vibration characteristics and its application in the winding mechanical condition monitoring

Vibration measurement based condition monitoring

Vibrations of the transformers are complex multi-physics phenomena that require a deep understanding of electromagnetic and mechanical principles. Their analysis can be used to assess the condition of the transformer in terms of mechanical fixation quality, buckling or ageing of the components. The article presents the 20 years of efforts of researchers in Xi\u27an Jiaotong University and The University of Queensland on transformer vibration characteristics and its application in the winding mechanical condition monitoring

Effects of turbulator with round hole on the thermo-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in a triangle tube

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd For investigating the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of water-based SiO2 nanofluids in a triangular tube with different turbulators, an experimental system has been designed and verified in this paper. The effects of different round hole diameters (d = 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm) and round hole pitch-rows (l = 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm) of perforated turbulators on the thermo-hydraulic characteristics are researched. Meanwhile, the influences of Reynolds numbers (Re = 400–8000) and nanoparticles mass fractions (D-I water, ω = 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) are also studied. These experimental results show that, under the same circumstance, the nanofluids in the triangular tube with ω = 0.5% have the largest positive influence on the heat transfer enhancement ratio which is up to 16.73%. For a comprehensive study of the flow and heat transfer, thermal efficiency (comprehensive performance index) and exergy efficiency are adopted. It can be found that the larger the diameter and the smaller the pitch-row of the holes is, the greater the comprehensive evaluation index can be. In addition, all working conditions exhibit the superior exergy efficiency. The highest exergy efficiency can be got when Re = 6000 and ω = 0.5%

Radiation hardness study of BC408 plastic scintillator under 80 MeV proton beam irradiations

To investigate the 1.6 GeV high-energy proton beam detector utilized in the CSNS Phase-II upgrade project, a plastic scintillator detector presents a viable option due to its superior radiation hardness. This study investigates the effects of irradiation damage on a BC408 plastic scintillator induced by 80 MeV protons, including absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and light yield tests of BC408 pre- and post-proton irradiation, with a focus on determining the radiation resistance threshold of BC408. The results indicate that the performance of BC408 remains unimpaired at absorbed doses up to 5.14*10^3 Gy/cm3, demonstrating its ability to absorb 1.63*10^13 p/cm3 1.6 GeV protons while maintaining stability. This suggests that BC408 could potentially be used as the 1.6 GeV high-energy proton beam detector in the CSNS Phase-II upgrade project

DYT-TOR1A dystonia: an update on pathogenesis and treatment

DYT-TOR1A dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal movements. It is a severe genetic form of dystonia caused by mutations in the TOR1A gene. TorsinA is a member of the AAA + family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) involved in a variety of cellular functions, including protein folding, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, and nucleocytoskeletal coupling. Almost all patients with TOR1A-related dystonia harbor the same mutation, an in-frame GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in the last of its 5 exons. This recurrent variant results in the deletion of one of two tandem glutamic acid residues (i.e., E302/303) in a protein named torsinA [torsinA(△E)]. Although the mutation is hereditary, not all carriers will develop DYT-TOR1A dystonia, indicating the involvement of other factors in the disease process. The current understanding of the pathophysiology of DYT-TOR1A dystonia involves multiple factors, including abnormal protein folding, signaling between neurons and glial cells, and dysfunction of the protein quality control system. As there are currently no curative treatments for DYT-TOR1A dystonia, progress in research provides insight into its pathogenesis, leading to potential therapeutic and preventative strategies. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DYT-TOR1A dystonia

Improved fuzzy neural network control for the clamping force of Camellia fruit picking manipulator

During the operation of the vibrating mechanism, the push-shaking camellia fruit picking manipulator needs to ensure a constant force output of the clamping hydraulic motor in order to make sure that the camellia fruit tree trunk wouldn't loosen or damage, which may affect its later growth, during the picking process. In this regard, this paper derived the state space model of the valve-controlled clamping hydraulic motor system of the push-shaking camellia fruit picking manipulator, and the fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) was designed on the basis of the traditional incremental PID control principle and the parameters of the neural network were optimized by the improved grey wolf optimizer (GWO). And then, the control system was simulated with the MATLAB/Simulink software without and with external interference, and compared and analyzed it with traditional PID controller and fuzzy PID (FPID) controller. The results show that the traditional PID controller and the FPID control have slow response and poor robustness, while the improved fuzzy wavelet neural network PID (IFWNN PID) controller possesses the characteristics of fast response and strong robustness, which can well meet the requirement of the constant clamping force of hydraulic motors. Finally, the field clamping test was carried out on the picking manipulator. The results show that the manipulator controlled by the IFWNN PID controller shortens the clamping time by 20.0% and reduces the clamping damage by 13.6% compared with the PID controller, which is verified that the designed controller can meet the clamping operation requirements of the camellia fruit picking machine

Deciphering functional redundancy in the human microbiome.

Although the taxonomic composition of the human microbiome varies tremendously across individuals, its gene composition or functional capacity is highly conserved - implying an ecological property known as functional redundancy. Such functional redundancy has been hypothesized to underlie the stability and resilience of the human microbiome, but this hypothesis has never been quantitatively tested. The origin of functional redundancy is still elusive. Here, we investigate the basis for functional redundancy in the human microbiome by analyzing its genomic content network - a bipartite graph that links microbes to the genes in their genomes. We find that this network exhibits several topological features that favor high functional redundancy. Furthermore, we develop a simple genome evolution model to generate genomic content network, finding that moderate selection pressure and high horizontal gene transfer rate are necessary to generate genomic content networks with key topological features that favor high functional redundancy. Finally, we analyze data from two published studies of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), finding that high functional redundancy of the recipient\u27s pre-FMT microbiota raises barriers to donor microbiota engraftment. This work elucidates the potential ecological and evolutionary processes that create and maintain functional redundancy in the human microbiome and contribute to its resilience