N-phosphorylation of amino acids by trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution-learning from prebiotic synthesis

Inspired by a reactivity study between sodium trimetaphosphate (P(3)m) and amino acids in prebiotic chemistry, a one-step reaction with efficient purification procedure in aqueous media has been developed for the synthesis of N-phosphono-amino acids (NPAA). P(3)m was used to phosphorylate amino acids to NPAA with yields of 60 similar to 91%. The by-products, inorganic polyphosphates, were recycled to regenerate the phosphorylation reagent P(3)m.Ministry of Science and Technology [2006DFA43030]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [20572061, 20732004

Substituent effects and mechanism elucidation of enantioselective sulfoxidation catalyzed by vanadium Schiff base complexes

The effects of substituents of the Schiff base ligands on oxo-vanadium-catalyzed enantioselective sulfoxidation were first systematically studied, and a rational mechanism of enantioselective sulfoxidation based on our experimental data and the reported data is proposed

Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Perjudian yang Dilakukan oleh Anak Menurut UU No.11 Tahun 2012

The title of this legal writing is "The Completion of the Crime of Gambling Carried Out by minors based on the law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice system". This type of research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a research conducted or focusing on norm of positive law in the form of legislation. Legal issues raised is whether the completion of the crime of gambling by children is in conformity with the law Number 11 of 2012 about the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the completion of the crime of gambling by children under the law of the juvenile justice system. The result showed that the efforts made to prevent criminal acts of a child is an attempt preventive and repressive efforts. Juvenile justice system is closely related to restorative justice. Regarding the obligation to make a diversion conducted by law enforcement officials, in particular under Article 7 and 96 of the law number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice System

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

QoS Scheme of Satellite Access Networks for IMS-Based Core Networks

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the core architecture for controlling the session in Next Generation Network (NGN), and satellite communication system has its superiority in geography and bandwidth, so it is necessary to converge satellite in IMS. In this paper, we briefly introduced an architecture of satellite access network and the satellite access gateway, framework of QoS is designed for satellite accessing to IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core networks, and an enhanced QoS controller is proposed to ensure the QoS.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316387300168&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Automation & Control SystemsOperations Research & Management ScienceEICPCI-S(ISTP)

Pair-perturbation influence functions of nongaussianity by projection pursuit

The most nongaussian direction to explore the clustering structure of the data is considered to be the interesting linear projection direction by applying projection pursuit. Nongaussianity is often measured by kurtosis, however, kurtosis is well known to be sensitive to influential points/outliers and the projection direction is essentially affected by unusual points. Hence in this paper we focus on developing the influence functions of projection directions to investigate the influence of abnormal observations especially on the pair-perturbation influence functions to uncover the masked unusual observations. A technique is proposed for defining and calculating influence functions for statistical functional of the multivariate distribution. A simulation study and a real data example are provided to illustrate the applications of these approaches.