Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study

Background and purpose: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can cause severe damage to body functions and even lead to death. The prevention of CINV is critically important in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy regimen. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and treatment of CINV in Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai and explore risk factors of CINV to improve its management. Methods: The clinical data of 376 cancer patients in Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai from October 2022 to December 2022 were collected retrospectively. The questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional study. The univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the influencing factors of CINV. Results: The management and coincidence of the guideline in 2022 significantly improved compared to five years ago. For patients receiving high-emetic-risk chemotherapy regimen, the coincidence of the guideline increased from 21.6% to 67.0%. For patients receiving moderate-emetic-risk chemotherapy regimen, the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist was not significantly associated with CINV. Multivariable analysis showed that the chemotherapy regimen was the only risk factor for CINV during the whole period (P<0.05). Conclusion: The chemotherapy regimen is the main risk factor for CINV. To control CINV better, clinical practitioners should focus on the intrinsic risk of chemotherapy regimens preferentially, estimate the risk and adhere better to guidelines

Advances in Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft (PDTX) Model from Lung Cancer

With the development of tumor molecular biology and genomics, it has been recognized that there are great heterogeneity in the biological characteristics, molecular typing and reactivity of the same tumor species among different individuals. In order to achieve true tumor individualized and precise therapy, a new concept of human tumor tissue xenograft model (patient derived tumor xenograft, PDTX) is proposed. The previous study has revealed that PDTX model can truly reflect the biological characteristics of tumor tissue and drug efficacy. And PDTX model could be used to select individual chemotherapy regime, evaluate drug resistance and explore efficacy and safety of new drug. PDTX model has been used in clinical practice of several type of cancer including lung cancer. In this paper, the current research progress of lung cancer PDTX is reviewed

Association between <i>Interleukin-4 Receptor α Chain</i> (<i>IL4RA</i>) I50V and Q551R Polymorphisms and Asthma Risk: An Update Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>The associations between the <i>interleukin-4 receptor α chain</i> (<i>IL4RA</i>) I50V and Q551R polymorphisms and asthma risk remained controversial.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched the Pubmed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases for studies published before February 2013. The strengths of the associations were calculated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 50 studies were included in this meta-analysis. There was a significant association between the <i>IL4RA</i> I50V polymorphism and asthma risk in a dominant genetic model (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23, <i>P</i> = 0.005). The <i>IL4RA</i> Q551R polymorphism was associated with a significantly elevated asthma risk in a recessive genetic model (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.22–1.75, <i>P</i><0.0001). Subgroup analyses found that the <i>IL4RA</i> I50V polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk in Asians (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.31–2.25, <i>P</i><0.0001), pediatric asthma risk (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–1.99, <i>P</i> = 0.005), and atopic asthma risk (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.27–2.79, <i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results of this meta-analysis suggested that the <i>IL4RA</i> I50V and Q551R polymorphisms may be risk factors for developing asthma.</p></div

Characteristics of the case-control studies included in meta-analysis.

*<p>Different data could be separately extracted.</p><p>NA, not available.</p

Meta-analysis for the association between asthma risk and the <i>IL4RA</i> I50V polymorphism.

<p>Meta-analysis for the association between asthma risk and the <i>IL4RA</i> I50V polymorphism.</p

Meta-analysis for the association between asthma risk and the <i>IL4RA</i> R551Q polymorphism.

<p>Meta-analysis for the association between asthma risk and the <i>IL4RA</i> R551Q polymorphism.</p

Distribution of <i>IL4RA</i> I50V and Q551R polymorphisms among patients and controls.

<p>HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p