Transient Cherenkov radiation from an inhomogeneous string excited by an ultrashort laser pulse at superluminal velocity

An optical response of one-dimensional string made of dipoles with a periodically varying density excited by a spot of light moving along the string at the superluminal (sub-luminal) velocity is theoretically studied. The Cherenkov radiation in such system is rather unusual, possessing both transient and resonant character. We show that under certain conditions, in addition to the resonant Cherenkov peak another Doppler-like frequency appears in the radiation spectrum. Both linear (small-signal) and nonlinear regimes as well as different string topologies are considered.Comment: accepted to Phys. Rev.

Results of Surveying Cardiologists and Clinical Pharmacologists on the Selection and the Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Diseases

The state policy for the safety of medicinal products involves analysis of specialists' competence in identifying adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during the use of medicinal products. It is of particular importance for the group of essential medicines, including those used in cardiology.The aim of the study was to assess ADR-reporting skills of doctors managing cardiology patients, with anti-arrhythmics as a case study.Materials and methods: from October 2019 to June 2021, the authors surveyed a sample of 223 practitioners that treated cardiology patients in Moscow and the Moscow region (36 of the respondents took the survey in person, and 187 participated on-line). The questionnaire inquired about selection criteria for the medicinal products, their assessment in terms of efficacy and safety in real-life clinical practice, and the competence and active involvement of the doctors in reporting identified ADRs.Results: most of the survey participants were high-level professionals (60.99% had 10 and more years of experience). Most of the doctors (90.13%) admitted having encountered ADRs in their practice, placing substandard quality of cardiovascular medicinal products among the causes. Moreover, 1.79% of the respondents faced such quality problems on a regular basis. Only 52.91% were familiar with the current documents regulating pharmacovigilance. A total of 61.88% applied information from Russian and foreign ADR databases in their practice. In 2021, 80.72% of the surveyed did not report data on the identified ADRs. According to the respondents, the main reasons for low reporting activity were high workload and lack of evidence for causality between a product and an ADR.Conclusion: the study demonstrated the need to intensify the work with practitioners on the safety of medicinal products and ADR identification, particularly, to train them in pharmacovigilance. According to the study results, it is feasible to develop and implement simple and user-friendly risk-oriented information systems for analysis and systematisation of ADR case reports

The stopping power and straggling of strongly coupled electron fluids revisited

Measuring energy losses of beams of charged particles is an important diagnostic tool in both modern condensed matter and plasma physics..

Stopping of relativistic ions in multicomponent plasmas

Investigation of the processes of stopping of charged particles moving in different media is of significant interest for many realms of Physics, such that Nuclear Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma Physics, etc. The problem of evaluation of energy losses of relativistic protons has acquired special importance recently [1] and, due to the experimental conditions, it is necessary to estimate relativistic corrections to the asymptotic form of energy losses in non-ideal multicomponent plasmas..

Stopping of relativistic ions in multicomponent plasmas

Investigation of the processes of stopping of charged particles moving in different media is of significant interest for many realms of Physics, such that Nuclear Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma Physics, etc. The problem of evaluation of energy losses of relativistic protons has acquired special importance recently [1] and, due to the experimental conditions, it is necessary to estimate relativistic corrections to the asymptotic form of energy losses in non-ideal multicomponent plasmas..

Правовые аспекты способов монетизации прав в индустрии компьютерных игр

The subject. The authors attempt a legal analysis of several forms of monetization of rights to computer games.The purpose of the article is the legal qualification of donations, crowdfunding, loot boxes as means of monetization.The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods of comparative law and formal legal analysis.The scientific problem of the article lies in the existing contradiction between the rapid development of the computer games market and the state of modern legal science in terms of scientific understanding and regulation of the entertainment industry.The main results, scope of application. There are two main forms of public funding in the gaming industry: (1) donations; (2) crowdfunding. Donations are more common for streamers, crowdfunding for computer developers. Donat is money sent without the condition of reciprocity. In recent years, crowdfunding has become a common way to attract investments. The purchase of a digital (or physical) copy of a game is the acquisition of the right to use (access) a computer game. Therefore, the funds we transfer are investments. We become beneficiaries of the published product. As a result, the developer will have to pay taxes on the funds raised. A loot box is a virtual item – a random set of additional features.The process of loot distribution is similar to a game of chance: players choose the level of need for a thing. Lootbox, despite the deceived expectations of the player, still brings some benefits to the player. In other words, the player pays a few dollars and expects to receive something of value in return, but the amount of winnings can be both large and small. In this regard, it seems that the loot box is a classic win-win lottery. Therefore, loot boxes should not be equated with gambling, otherwise the gaming industry could respond by referring to the need to include lotteries (and insurance) as gambling. At the same time, the similarity of several elements indicates that there is always a risk of turning a computer game into gambling.Conclusions. There are a number of ways to monetize the material incentives for players. These methods include donations, funds received in the course of crowdinvesting, as well as loot boxes. Donations are an intermediate phenomenon between donation and payment. For individuals, income from donations will not be taxed if there is no consideration. Also, sometimes donations should be understood as funds from crowdinvestments, which developers sometimes collect to create the next game. These funds, in most cases, should still be treated as developer income, not donations. The boundary between the payment of in-game property and gambling is the phenomenon of loot boxes, which should be qualified as a win-win lottery.Предпринимается попытка юридического анализа нескольких форм монетизации прав на компьютерные игры. Ключевыми объектами исследования выступают донаты, лутбоксы и средства от краудинвестирования. Дается юридическая квалификация данным формам монетизации, которые, несмотря на неоднозначное их толкование с точки зрения гражданского законодательства, требуют более глубокого правового исследования

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital

<i>N,N</i>-bis-(dimethylfluorosilylmethyl)amides of <i>N</i>-organosulfonylproline and sarcosine: synthesis, structure, stereodynamic behaviour and <i>in silico</i> studies

(O→Si)-Chelate difluorides R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2F)2 (9a–c, R1R2 = (CH2)3, R3 = Ms (a), Ts (b); R1 = H, R2 = Me, R3 = Ms (c)), containing one penta- and one tetracoordinate silicon atoms were synthesized by silylmethylation of amides R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)NH2, subsequent hydrolysis of unstable intermediates R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2Cl)2 (7a–c) into 4-acyl-2,6-disilamorpholines R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2O)2 (8a–c) and the reaction of the latter compounds with BF3·Et2O. The structures of disilamorpholines 8a,c and difluoride 9a were confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study. According to the IR and NMR data, the O→Si coordination in solutions of these compounds was weaker than that in the solid state due to effective solvation of the Si–F bond. A permutational isomerisation involving an exchange of equatorial Me groups at the pentacoordinate Si atom in complexes 9a–c was detected, and its activational parameters were determined by 1H DNMR. In silico estimation of possible pharmacological effects and acute rat toxicity by PASS Online and GUSAR Online services showed a potential for their further pharmacological study