13 research outputs found

    The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis

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    Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to repro- ductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young

    Glomerulonephritis as a variant of extra-intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis

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    Studies of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is highly relevant due to their growing incidence and prevalence, and a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations. The paper deals with the discussion of renal damage types in IBD. Renal damage in IBD refers to rare cases of extra-intestinal manifestations and could both originate by the immunological mechanism common with IBD and directly related to inflammatory activity in the intestine, as well as be unrelated to the immunological activity of the bowel disease and be associated with metabolic disorders that develop in IBD. Finally, kidney damage in IBD can be caused by side effects of treatments. As an example, we present a case of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis as an extra-intestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis and discuss the challenges of therapy and the effectiveness of genetically engineered biological agent golimumab. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of the renal damage in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is proposed to be used in real clinical practice, with recommendations for monitoring of patients with IBD as those at risk for the development of chronic kidney disease

    The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis

    Get PDF
    Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few stud-ies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to repro-ductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young
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