132 research outputs found
Spatial Transform Decoupling for Oriented Object Detection
Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved remarkable success in computer
vision tasks. However, their potential in rotation-sensitive scenarios has not
been fully explored, and this limitation may be inherently attributed to the
lack of spatial invariance in the data-forwarding process. In this study, we
present a novel approach, termed Spatial Transform Decoupling (STD), providing
a simple-yet-effective solution for oriented object detection with ViTs. Built
upon stacked ViT blocks, STD utilizes separate network branches to predict the
position, size, and angle of bounding boxes, effectively harnessing the spatial
transform potential of ViTs in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Moreover, by
aggregating cascaded activation masks (CAMs) computed upon the regressed
parameters, STD gradually enhances features within regions of interest (RoIs),
which complements the self-attention mechanism. Without bells and whistles, STD
achieves state-of-the-art performance on the benchmark datasets including
DOTA-v1.0 (82.24% mAP) and HRSC2016 (98.55% mAP), which demonstrates the
effectiveness of the proposed method. Source code is available at
https://github.com/yuhongtian17/Spatial-Transform-Decoupling
Diammonium bis[(2-aminoacetato-κ2 N,O)(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)copper(II)] hexacosaoxidooctamolybdate(VI)
The title compound, (NH4)2[Cu(C2H4NO2)(C10H8N2)(C3H7NO)]2[Mo8O26], contains a centrosymmetric β-type octamolybdate anion, two copper(II) complex cations and two ammonium ions. The CuII atom is coordinated in a square-pyramidal geometry by a 2,2′-bipyridine and a 2-aminoacetate ligands in the basal plane and by an O atom of N,N-dimethylformamide in the apical position. The anions and cations are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network
Spectral and Spatial Dependence of Diffuse Optical Signals in Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Using non-invasive, near-infrared spectroscopy we have previously reported optical signals measured at or around peripheral nerves in response to their stimulation. Such optical signals featured amplitudes on the order of 0.1% and peaked about 100 ms after peripheral nerve stimulation in human subjects. Here, we report a study of the spatial and spectral dependence of the optical signals induced by stimulation of the human median and sural nerves, and observe that these optical signals are: (1) unlikely due to either dilation or constriction of blood vessels, (2) not associated with capillary bed hemoglobin, (3) likely due to blood vessel(s) displacement, and (4) unlikely due to fiber-skin optical coupling effects. We conclude that the most probable origin of the optical response to peripheral nerve stimulation is from displacement of blood vessels within the optically probed volume, as a result of muscle twitch in adjacent areas.National Institutes of Health (R01-NS059933); U.S. Army Medical Acquisition Activity (W81XWH-07-2-0011
IRF2BP2 attenuates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating AMPK signaling
Purpose: To investigate the role of interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to establish a model of GDM and then subjected to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) to determine glucose and insulin tolerances. Lipid metabolism was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The histomorphology of pancreatic islets was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Results: IRF2BP2 was downregulated in pancreatic tissues of mice with GDM (p < 0.001). Mice in GDM group showed higher blood glucose levels than those in normal pregnancy group. However, overexpression of IRF2BP2 reduced glucose and insulin levels in mice with GDM. Overexpression of IRF2BP2 increased the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in mice with GDM (p < 0.001). The histopathological changes in the islets of mice with GDM were also ameliorated by overexpression of IRF2BP2. Overexpression of IRF2BP2 reduced IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels and increased protein expression of p-AMPK in mice with GDM.
Conclusion: IRF2BP2 ameliorates the outcomes of GDM and suppressed inflammation in mice with GDM through activation of AMPK signaling. Thus, IRF2BP2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of GDM.
Keywords: IRF2BP2; inflammation; gestational diabetes mellitus; AMPK; mice; insulin toleranc
Evaluation of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Signatures for Lung Adenocarcinoma and Granuloma With Monte-Carlo Feature Selection Method
Extracellular Vesicle (EV) is a compilation of secreted vesicles, including micro vesicles, large oncosomes, and exosomes. It can be used in non-invasive diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) processed by exosomes can be detected by liquid biopsy. To objectively evaluate the discriminative ability of miRNAs from whole plasma, EV and EV-free plasma, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles in whole plasma, EV and EV-free plasma of 10 lung adenocarcinoma and 9 granuloma patients. With Monte-Carlo feature selection method, the top discriminative miRNAs in whole plasma, EV and EV-free plasma were identified, and they were quite different. Using the Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) method, we learned the classification rules: in whole plasma, granuloma patients did not express hsa-miR-223-3p while the lung adenocarcinoma patients expressed hsa-miR-223-3p; in EV, the hsa-miR-23b-3p was highly expressed in granuloma patients but not lung adenocarcinoma patients; in EV-free plasma, hsa-miR-376a-3p was expressed in granuloma patients but barely expressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients. For prediction performance, whole plasma had the highest weighted accuracy and EV outperformed EV-free plasma. Our results suggested that EV can be used as lung cancer biomarker. However, since it is less stable and not easy to detect, there are still technological difficulties to overcome
New advances in catalysts for C9 petroleum resin hydrogenation
C9 petroleum resin is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of C9 fraction obtaining from the steam cracking unit, and could be catalytic hydrogenated to remove the ethylenic C=C bond, aromatic ring with improved physical properties. The research progress in the efficiency supported nickel or/and palladium catalysts for C9 petroleum resin hydrogenation was illustrated and reviewed, further development was discussed
Text-Guided 3D Face Synthesis -- From Generation to Editing
Text-guided 3D face synthesis has achieved remarkable results by leveraging
text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. However, most existing works focus solely
on the direct generation, ignoring the editing, restricting them from
synthesizing customized 3D faces through iterative adjustments. In this paper,
we propose a unified text-guided framework from face generation to editing. In
the generation stage, we propose a geometry-texture decoupled generation to
mitigate the loss of geometric details caused by coupling. Besides, decoupling
enables us to utilize the generated geometry as a condition for texture
generation, yielding highly geometry-texture aligned results. We further employ
a fine-tuned texture diffusion model to enhance texture quality in both RGB and
YUV space. In the editing stage, we first employ a pre-trained diffusion model
to update facial geometry or texture based on the texts. To enable sequential
editing, we introduce a UV domain consistency preservation regularization,
preventing unintentional changes to irrelevant facial attributes. Besides, we
propose a self-guided consistency weight strategy to improve editing efficacy
while preserving consistency. Through comprehensive experiments, we showcase
our method's superiority in face synthesis. Project page:
https://faceg2e.github.io/
Spin-glass ground state in a triangular-lattice compound YbZnGaO
We report on comprehensive results identifying the ground state of a
triangular-lattice structured YbZnGaO to be spin glass, including no
long-range magnetic order, prominent broad excitation continua, and absence of
magnetic thermal conductivity. More crucially, from the ultralow-temperature
a.c. susceptibility measurements, we unambiguously observe frequency-dependent
peaks around 0.1 K, indicating the spin-glass ground state. We suggest this
conclusion to hold also for its sister compound YbMgGaO, which is confirmed
by the observation of spin freezing at low temperatures. We consider disorder
and frustration to be the main driving force for the spin-glass phase.Comment: Version as accepted to PR
Human CSF movement influenced by vascular low frequency oscillations and respiration
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement through the pathways within the central nervous system is of high significance for maintaining normal brain health and function. Low frequency hemodynamics and respiration have been shown to drive CSF in humans independently. Here, we hypothesize that CSF movement may be driven simultaneously (and in synchrony) by both mechanisms and study their independent and coupled effects on CSF movement using novel neck fMRI scans. Caudad CSF movement at the fourth ventricle and hemodynamics of the major neck blood vessels (internal carotid arteries and internal jugular veins) was measured from 11 young, healthy volunteers using novel neck fMRI scans with simultaneous measurement of respiration. Two distinct models of CSF movement (1. Low-frequency hemodynamics and 2. Respiration) and possible coupling between them were investigated. We show that the dynamics of brain fluids can be assessed from the neck by studying the interrelationships between major neck blood vessels and the CSF movement in the fourth ventricle. We also demonstrate that there exists a cross-frequency coupling between these two separable mechanisms. The human CSF system can respond to multiple coupled physiological forces at the same time. This information may help inform the pathological mechanisms behind CSF movement-related disorders
- …