Graphs of gonality three

In 2013, Chan classified all metric hyperelliptic graphs, proving that divisorial gonality and geometric gonality are equivalent in the hyperelliptic case. We show that such a classification extends to combinatorial graphs of divisorial gonality three, under certain edge- and vertex-connectivity assumptions. We also give a construction for graphs of divisorial gonality three, and provide conditions for determining when a graph is not of divisorial gonality three.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures; corrected statements of Theorems 1.2 and 4.1, as well as material in Section

Understanding Chinese American Parents: The Interplay of Chinese Tradition and Early Childhood Music Education in the United States

The purpose of this study is to examine the acculturation experience of first-generation Chinese American parents and the values that inform their expectations for their children\u27s early childhood music education. A primary goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the interplay of Chinese traditional culture and early childhood music education in the United States. The six participants for this study were first-generation Chinese American immigrants who at the time of the interviews had children under age eight and who resided in Philadelphia. As a qualitative multiple-case study, the primary data for this study were six sets of interviews, each set consisting of three different interviews with each of the six participants. Data were coded through the QSR NVivo software system and were analyzed and presented in the form of narrative portraits. The data analysis revealed four prominent themes that gave a voice to Chinese American parents. These themes included the importance of the traditional concept of guan in Chinese American parenting, the high value that Chinese Americans place on education, the function of music in Chinese culture, and the value of music education as moral cultivation. Considered within the context of the Chinese Americans\u27 acculturation experience, these themes brought to light a number of tensions that Chinese American parents confront in providing for the music education of their young children. More awareness of these tensions will help both early childhood music educators and Chinese American parents build a reciprocal relationship that bridges this cultural gap and balances traditional Chinese values with early childhood music education best practices in the United States

Reconciling Different Approaches to Conceptualizing the Glocalization of the Belt and Road Initiative Projects

In response to the recently rising number of academic papers that empirically examine local variances in China’s Belt and Initiative (BRI) projects in various foreign lands, this paper points out the tension between attempts to theorize BRI projects. The Sino-localized approach and the assemblage theory were the two main attempts used by scholars from disparate academic disciplines to conceptualize local agency and to understand how local conditionalities, practices, and norms may affect the outcome of BRI projects. We need to examine their differences and similarities, and determine whether they are really irreconcilable. In addition, how their ontological differences lead to epistemological, methodological and analytical differences in studying BRI projects should be clarified as well.Peer reviewe

Implementation of the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi and Its Home Edition During the Covid-19 Pandemic : A Survey of European Test Centres

The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) test is a standardized Chinese language proficiency test targeting non-native speakers. Compared with other Chinese proficiency tests, the HSK has the largest test population in the world and has attracted the most academic research. This article examines how the HSK was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic and the issues facing home-based HSK test, the so-called HSK Home Edition. The results of a primary survey showed that the majority of test centres in Europe opted to implement the traditional paper-based format of the HSK during the Covid-19 pandemic, despite the availability of the HSK Home Edition. Concerns related to technical and security issues were among the major factors that hindered successful implementation of the Home Edition. Of the test centres that utilised the Home Edition, they rated their overall experience as satisfactory. This finding suggests that concerns relating to technical and security issues associated with the adoption of the Home Edition may be less daunting than anticipated. Additional training for test centre staff could improve the implementation of the Home Edition.Peer reviewe

Random walk with restart over dynamic graphs

Random Walk with Restart (RWR) is an appealing measure of proximity between nodes based on graph structures. Since real graphs are often large and subject to minor changes, it is prohibitively expensive to recompute proximities from scratch. Previous methods use LU decomposition and degree reordering heuristics, entailing O(|V|3) time and O(|V|2) memory to compute all (|V|2) pairs of node proximities in a static graph. In this paper, a dynamic scheme to assess RWR proximities is proposed: (1) For unit update, we characterize the changes to all-pairs proximities as the outer product of two vectors. We notice that the multiplication of an RWR matrix and its transition matrix, unlike traditional matrix multiplications, is commutative. This can greatly reduce the computation of all-pairs proximities from O(|V|3) to O(|Δ|) time for each update without loss of accuracy, where |Δ| (<<|V|2) is the number of affected proximities. (2) To avoid O(|V|2) memory for all pairs of outputs, we also devise efficient partitioning techniques for our dynamic model, which can compute all pairs of proximities segment-wisely within O(l|V|) is a user-controlled trade-off between  memory an I/O costs. (3) For bulk update, we also devise aggregation and hashing methods, which can discard many unneccessary updates further and handle chuncks of unit updates simultaneously. Our experimental results on various datasets demonstrate that our methods can be 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than other competitors while securing scalability and exactness..

Jing Wang: The Other Digital China: Nonconfrontational Activism on the Social Web (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2019). [Book review]

Book reviewed: The Other Digital China: Nonconfrontational Activism on the Social Web Jing Wang (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2019), 320 pp. ISBN: 978-0674980921Non peer reviewe

Critical velocity for the vortex core reversal in perpendicular bias magnetic field

For a circular magnetic nanodot in a vortex ground state we study how the critical velocity $v_c$ of the vortex core reversal depends on the magnitude $H$ of a bias magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the dot plane. We find that, similarly to the case $H$ = 0, the critical velocity does not depend on the size of the dot. The critical velocity is dramatically reduced when the negative (i.e. opposite to the vortex core direction) bias field approaches the value, at which a \emph{static} core reversal takes place. A simple analytical model shows good agreement with our numerical result.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Co-Simmate : quick retrieving all pairwise co-Simrank scores

Co-Simrank is a useful Simrank-like measure of similarity based on graph structure. The existing method iteratively computes each pair of Co-Simrank score from a dot product of two Pagerank vectors, entailing O(log(1/e)*n^3) time to compute all pairs of Co-Simranks in a graph with n nodes, to attain a desired accuracy e. In this study, we devise a model, Co-Simmate, to speed up the retrieval of all pairs of Co-Simranks to O(log2 (log(1/e))*n^3) time. Moreover, we show the optimality of Co-Simmate among other hop-(u^k) variations, and integrate it with a matrix decomposition based method on singular graphs to attain higher efficiency. The viable experiments verify the superiority of Co-Simmate to others