Numbers Uniquely Bias Spatial Attention: A Novel Paradigm for UnderstandingSpatial-Numerical Associations

Over the past two-and-a-half decades, numerous empiricalstudies have demonstrated a relationship between numbersand space. A classic interpretation is that these spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) are a product of a stablemental number line (MNL) in the mind, yet others haveargued that SNAs are a product of transient mappings thatoccur in working memory. Importantly, although the latterinterpretation has no implications for the representation ofnumber, the former suggests that the representation ofnumber is inherently spatial. Here, we tease apart questionsof spatial representation (à la an MNL perspective) andspatial strategy (à la alternative accounts). In a novel place-the-number task, we demonstrate that numbersautomatically bias spatial attention whereas other ordinalsequences (i.e., letters) do not. We argue that this isevidence of an inherently spatial representation of numberand explore how this work may help answer futurequestions about the relationship between space andnumber

Correlation Between Vicia ervilia L. Willd. Antibacterial Activity and Its Phenolic Content

Context: Plants are important in devising new antibacterial drugs. Unlike several fabaceae seeds, Vicia ervilia L. Willd., is not used up till now for human consumption. Objective: evaluate antibacterial potential of the seeds and correlate it, if any, with its phenolics. Methods: Seeds ethanol (SEE), aqueous (SAE), and methanol (SME) extracts were prepared. Their total phenolic content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically. Antibacterial activity against ten pathogenic bacteria (Mycobacterium africanum, M. bovis, M. caprae, M. microti, M. orygis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus  pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Also the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC & MBC) were also determined.  Results: Total phenolic content of SME is significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of SEE (4.8 and 2.5µg/mg gallic acid equivalent respectively). SME and SEE significantly inhibit the growth of all tested strains except M. caprae and P. aeruginosa. V. ervilia L. Conclusion: The seeds significant antibacterial activity was attributed to its phenolics. Keywords: phenolics, antibacterial activit

Crystal structure of (E)-3-(3-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, C27H21N5O

C27H21N5O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.1464(7) Å, b = 10.3861(8) Å, c = 13.2507(9) Å, α = 84.898(6)°, β = 89.413(6)°, γ = 80.351(7)°, V = 1100.88(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0648, wRref(F2) = 0.1726, T = 296(2) K

Synthesis, Characterization of Derivatives Tetrazoles for Trimethoprim Drug

The present work involved synthesis of serval new substituted tetrazole via Schiff bases for trimethoprim drug by two steps. The first step involved direct reaction of different ketones and aldehydes with trimethoprim producing the corresponding Schiff bases (1-10), whereas the second step, involved preparation new tetrazoles derivatives (11-20) through reaction of the ready Schiff bases (in the first step) with sodium azidein in dioxin. The prepared compounds were characterized by UV, FT-IR, and some of them by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and physical properties

Multiphoton radiative recombination of electron assisted by laser field

In the presence of an intensive laser field the radiative recombination of the continuum electron into an atomic bound state generally is accompanied by absorption or emission of several laser quanta. The spectrum of emitted photons represents an equidistant pattern with the spacing equal to the laser frequency. The distribution of intensities in this spectrum is studied employing the Keldysh-type approximation, i.e. neglecting interaction of the impact electron with the atomic core in the initial continuum state. Within the adiabatic approximation the scale of emitted photon frequencies is subdivided into classically allowed and classically forbidden domains. The highest intensities correspond to emission frequencies close to the edges of classically allowed domain. The total cross section of electron recombination summed over all emitted photon channels exhibits negligible dependence on the laser field intensity.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures (Figs.2-5 have "a" and "b" parts), Phys.Rev.A accepted for publication. Fig.2b is presented correctl

Framework for orienting engineering undergraduate final year projects towards new product innovation process

The traditional framework for undergraduate final year project (FYP) has customarily focused on the sharpening of theoretical principles and the honing of fundamental practical skills. This work sees the pressing need for orienting FYPs at the undergraduate level towards new product innovation. Hence, an unconventional framework, incorporating new product development (NPD) processes and practices, is created, aiming to generate more balanced and productive graduates; and enabling them to contribute to the NPD innovation process. For the purpose of comparison, the traditional FYP framework is firstly introduced. Then, each phase in the new framework, which embodies the actual activities carried out in a customer-oriented organization, is presented in detail. In addition to that, a project was developed and the proposed framework was implemented. As a result, a potential was found for the new developed framework

The Total Synthesis of Glycolipids from Streptococcus pneumoniae and a Re-evaluation of Their Immunological Activity**

Invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells, Type I iNKTs, are responsible for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce a systemic immune response. They are distinctive in possessing an semi-invariant T-cell receptor that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, a protein closely related to the class I major histocompatibility complex, conserved across multiple mammalian species in a class of proteins well-renowned for their high degree of polymorphism. This receptor\u27s first potent identified antigen is the α-galactosylceramide, KRN7000, a synthetic glycosphingolipid closely related to those isolated from bacteria that were found on a Japanese marine sponge. A corresponding terrestrial antigen remained unidentified until two specific diacylglycerol-containing glycolipids, reported to activate iNKT cells, were isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae. We report the total synthesis and immunological re-evaluation of these two glycolipids. The compounds are unable to meaningfully activate iNKT cells. Computational modelling shows that these ligands, while being capable of interacting with the CD1d receptor, create a different surface for the binary complex that makes formation of the ternary complex with the iNKT T-cell receptor difficult. Together these results suggest that the reported activity might have been due to an impurity in the original isolated sample and highlights the importance of taking care when reporting biological activity from isolated natural products

Crystal structure of 3-(2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one, C28H20FN3O2S

C28H20FN3O2S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.1325(7) Å, b = 11.5184(9) Å, c = 11.6535(9) Å, α = 74.682(7)°, β = 84.253(6)°, γ = 76.720(6)°, V = 1149.68(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0574, wRref(F2) = 0.1438, T = 296(2) K

Predicting perinatal outcomes in women affected by COVID-19: An artificial intelligence (AI) approach

This study aimed to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting perinatal outcomes among women with COVID-19. Data was collected from hospitals in the Middle Euphrates and Southern regions of Iraq, with 152 pregnant patients included in the study. Patients were categorized into mild and severe infection groups, and their serum samples were analyzed for mineral levels (magnesium, copper, calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc, selenium, and iron) and immune factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-32, IL-10, IL-18, IL-37, IL-38, IL-36, and IL-1). The findings revealed significant associations between specific mineral levels, immune factors, and perinatal outcomes. Mineral levels such as magnesium (75.5% mild infection, 80.9% severe infection), copper (68.2% mild infection, 64.3% severe infection), calcium ion (81.8% mild infection, 76.2% severe infection), sodium (70.9% mild infection, 69.0% severe infection), potassium (72.7% mild infection, 71.4% severe infection), zinc (61.8% mild infection, 54.8% severe infection), selenium (78.2% mild infection, 82.9% severe infection), and iron (74.5% mild infection, 68.3% severe infection) showed varying per-centages associated with mild and severe infections. Immune factors such as IL-6 (32% mild infection, 21% severe infection), IL-8 (15% mild infection, 7% severe infection), IL-32 (24% mild infection, 9% severe infection), IL-10 (7% mild infection, no severe infection), IL-18 (13% mild infection, 11% severe infection) demonstrated varying per-centages associated with perinatal outcomes, while other interleukins showed no changes in severe infections. These results highlight the potential of AI in predicting outcomes for pregnant women with COVID-19, which could aid in improving their management and care. Further research and validation of predictive models are recommended to enhance accuracy and applicability

Research Output on Strategy Formulation and Implementation: Global Picture, Development and Key Bibliometric Indicators

Effective strategic management serves as the bedrock for an organization's vision, goal attainment, and stakeholder expectations. Consequently, the research focus on strategy formulation and implementation has garnered substantial attention in recent decades. This study aims to evaluate bibliometric indicators of research productivity related to strategy formulation and implementation through meticulous bibliometric analysis. The analysis leverages the R Bibliometrix library on scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science database. The dataset comprises 672 publications on strategy formulation and implementation, spanning the years 1971 to 2022. Authored by 1,280 contributors from 69 countries, these publications are dispersed across 374 diverse sources, including journals and books. Impressively, this body of work has garnered a cumulative total of 24,635 citations, averaging 36.66 citations per document. The top-ranking article, "The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation" by Robert M. Grant, stands out with 3,649 citations. Examining global scientific production, the United States emerges as the primary contributor with 154 publications (22.91%), followed by China with 56 (8.33%) and the United Kingdom with 54 (8.03%). The study's findings offer valuable insights for researchers and organizations alike, shedding light on significant research contributions. This comprehensive assessment enables a nuanced understanding of the historical progression and growth within this domain. Additionally, it identifies current focal points of research and highlights areas that warrant attention in future studies