Spawning and hatching performance of the silvery black porgy Sparidentex hasta under hypersaline conditions

Abu Al Abyad island is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. A preliminary trial conducted at the island to investigate the spawning and hatching performance of the blue finned sea bream Sparidentex hasta indicated that the fish can be successfully bred at high salinity levels exceeding 50 ppt

Spawning and hatching performance of the silvery black porgy Sparidentex hasta under hypersaline conditions

Abu Al Abyad island is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. A preliminary trial conducted at the island to investigate the spawning and hatching performance of the blue finned sea bream Sparidentex hasta indicated that the fish can be successfully bred at high salinity levels exceeding 50 ppt.Salinity tolerance, Spawning, Hatching, United Arab Emirates, Sparidentex hasta

Effect of Chromium on the Survival of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Based on experimental work, the effect of pH on heterotrophic bacteria enumeration was studied in batch cultures tests conducted under different chromium concentrations. Samples were collected from the effluent of the primary facultative pond of the University of Dar es Salam (Tanzania) waste stabilization ponds system. The enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria was investigated at different pH values. The density of bacteria was higher at pH 7 than any other pH values for all concentrations. At this pH, the number varied between 1,450,000 to 280,000 at 12 and 108 hours after addition of 5 mg/l chromium concentration. In case of 50 mg/l and pH 7 the number reduced dramatically to 98 to 0 at 12 and 108 hours respectively. It was observed that, the pH of 11 was significantly detrimental to the heterotrophic bacteria. The number ranged between 4000 to 500 in case of 5 mg/l after 12 and 108 hours. Only 13 heterotrophic bacteria were counted after 12 hours when 50 mg/l of chromium concentration was added

Feeding Behaviour of the Reef Heron (Egretta Gularis Schistacea)

Western Reef Heron (Egretta egularis) is a very common coastal resident bird species in the Arabian Gulf. In UAE, the subspecies “schistacea” also known as Indian Reef Heron occurs in mangroves inlets and other coastal and inland water bodies along the southern and eastern coast of the country. The present study aims to investigate the bird’s food, feeding behavior, morphs and its relationship with the habitat in Al-Zora Protected Area (Ajman - UAE) by establishing a feeding behavior ethogram and monitor its feeding frequency and its correlation with biotic and abiotic features of the study site. Foraging success rate and foraging efficiency were calculated by observing feeding and successful feeding attempts for 1 minute every 5 minutes for 5 hours every other day for 15 days in two seasons (summer and winter) noticing the two morphs individual count, tidal changes, and time of the day. Data shows that that Western Reef Heron uses 13 feeding behavior with the difference in their utilization between seasons and age groups. Feeding is influenced by primarily the tidal movement and not time of the day. Foraging success Ratio is not only different between seasons but also between the two morphs and between age groups. The significant differences in strikes between White and Dark morph open a perplexing question of crypsis and natural selection possibility with a dilemma between the idea and its statistical analysis. There might be a relation between the sub-species and what morph is predominant. Overall, feeding behavior analysis in this study indicates a very promising possibility for Western Reef Heron to be a highly important bio-indicator species for mangrove and creek inlet ecosystem and its linkage between top avifauna waders predators and marine benthic community

Prediction of UAE Youth Entrepreneurial Intention (EI); Exploring The Factors That Impact On the Choice of Entrepreneurship (Self-Employment) As A Career Option Based On the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is considered a youthful country where national youth prefer to work in the already saturated government sector and avoid the private sector. In recent times, growing levels of young unemployed people have been observed. This study investigates UAE national youth intentions to become entrepreneurs by examining the factors that affect entrepreneurial career choice. This quantitative research employs the theoretical model of Ajzen\u27s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The most recent version of the standardized measure of Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) has been used in the UAE context for the first time. UAE national senior Business and Engineering undergraduate students inside and outside the country were sampled. The survey methodology yielded 544 usable responses. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed the applicability of TPB in the UAE context. The study results show that attitude and perceived behavioral control positively and directly affect entrepreneurship intention. Subjective norms also indirectly affect the entrepreneurship intention through their direct effect on attitude and perceived behavioral control. The results suggest that more young UAE males than females have the intention to start a new business. In addition, entrepreneurship intention appears to be higher among UAE national youth who are studying outside the country. The relatively small sample of UAE students in other countries (44 cases) may affect the generalizability of some research results. Moreover, the effect of risk on young people\u27s entrepreneurship intention could not be tested due to measurement issues. Other limitations are described in detail in the discussion and conclusion chapter. This study fills the literature gap regarding the UAE found by this research. Second, it tests and validates the most recent version of the EIQ measure for the first time in the present context and compares its results with other previously validated measurement approaches, thus enhancing the methodological rigor and advancing the knowledge of ways to measure entrepreneurship intention and its antecedents. Moreover, this study tries to compare the entrepreneurship intention of the UAE national youth students both inside and outside the country. To our best knowledge, this is a novel approach in conducting this kind of research

THE MAIN REASONS WHY CANCER IS SO DIFFICULT TO TREATMENT

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “THE MAIN REASONS WHY CANCER IS SO DIFFICULT TO TREATMENT”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article

Microencapsulation of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs into Biodegradable Polymers Using Supercritical Fluid Technology

Osteoarthritis is a disease that attacks human bones especially in older people and usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are being prescribed for patients with Osteoarthritis. These kinds of drugs usually have low aqueous solubility and in order to have their therapeutic effects, their solubility should be enhanced. The purpose of this study was to find solution for this problem and one way to do that is to reduce the particle size by forming micro particles. In this project, one of these types of drugs ibuprofen (isobutyl-propanoicphenolic Acid) was encapsulated into a polymer (PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone) using supercritical fluid technology (Supercritical CO2) to form drug-polymer micro particles. Another aim was to measure the solubility, dissolution rate and surface characteristics of the prepared drug-polymer micro particles by characterizing them using various characterization techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) , ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various drug-polymer formulations were prepared depending on various administrative dosages. Different conditions (i.e. different temperatures, pressures, flow rates and different drug solution: CO2 volume ratio) were tested in preparing drug-polymer micro particles. Results from TEM images and FT -IR graphs show that micro particles were successfully prepared. Different conditions gave different shapes of drug-polymer micro particles in the SEM results. Finally, dissolution rate of the drug-polymer micro particles in the simulated gastric fluid showed promising results

Application of R.E.N.A.L Nephrometry Score in Planning Type of Surgery and Predicting Complications in RCC Patients in Gezira Hospital

Background: Adult renal cell carcinomas account for 80–85% of all renal tumors, making them the most common primary renal tumors. As a method for categorizing renal masses by anatomical characteristics, R.E.N.A.L score is suggested to study the effect on surgical approach in addition to perioperative outcomes and complications. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective hospital-based study enrolled 48 RCC patients in GHRDS in the period between September 2020 and September 2021. Data regarding demographics, histological subtypes, surgical approach, intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected. Based on R.E.N.A.L score, the complexity of renal tumors is grouped into low, moderate, and high. Results: The study sample size was 48. Twenty-five participants (52.1%) were men with a mean age of 51 years. Most cases had clear cell RCC 22 (45.8%) and papillary RCC 19 (39.6%). Thirty-nine (81.5%) patients underwent radical nephrectomy (flank incision [extraperitoneal] in 32 [82.1%] and midline incision [transperitoneal] in 7 [17.3%]), and 9 (18.5%) patients underwent partial nephrectomy. One-third of the patients 15 (31.2%) had intraoperative complications and 7 (14.6%) had postoperative complications. All intraoperative and most postoperative complications were associated with radical nephrectomy (P = 0.001). According to complexity, 21 (43.8%) patients had moderate complexity, 15 (31.2%) high complexity, and 12 (25%) low complexity. Conclusion: Most RCC patients had moderate complexity and were subjected to radical nephrectomy. High complexities were linked to the decision of radical nephrectomy, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. More prospective research with large sample size and multi-centered studies is essential to ensure the generalizability of study findings