Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Intelligence

Individuals with a growth mindset believe that basic abilities such as intelligence and talent can be increased. Those with a fixed mindset are less likely to believe this will happen. Building growth mindset in students has become a priority for many educators in grades K-12 since it suggests that intelligence is a malleable characteristic that can get stronger with practice and lead to greater achievement in school. The current study investigated the relationship between talent mindsets and intelligence. We measured the mindset of undergraduate students and compared these scores to their performance on verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests. We found no correlation between mindset and verbal and non-verbal intelligence test scores. These results extend existing findings to include a lack of relationship between growth mindset and verbal intelligence

Iron and Zinc Bio-Fortification Strategies in Wheat Crop by Exogenous Application of Micronutrients

Under nutrition or nutrient deficiency is a major concern in third world, and is an underlying cause for millions of deaths each year. Biofortification is an important technique to increase the concentration of trace mineral elements in the grain which improve the nutritional value of cereal and solve health problems in poorer areas of world. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the biofortification potential of wheat crop by exogenously applied micro nutrients (Fe & Zn). Soil and foliar application with two levels of Fe and Zn (2 mg kg-1 and 4 mg kg-1) were applied according to CRD under factorial design. Results showed that soil application of Fe and Zn at 4 mg kg-1 is significant effect on plant available nutrients and nutrient concentration in wheat straw and grain. Application of micronutrients also increased and improved growth parameters. Keywords: Wheat, Zinc, Iron, Biofortification, Plant Nutrient

Growth and Ionic Composition of Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) in Response to Soil Salinity and Water Stress

Salinity and bad quality irrigation water is very common problem in Pakistan due to limited rainfall, more evapo-transpiration and high temperature. So, there is need to select salt and drought tolerant plants. In view of that a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth performance and ionic composition of Conocarpus erectus L. under saline and water stress conditions. Eight treatments (Control, 10 dSm-1, 20 dSm-1, 40 dSm-1,  water stress, 10 dSm-1 + water stress, 20 dSm-1 + water stress, 40 dSm-1 + water stress) were evaluated in order to assess their effect on plant growth and ionic composition . At T8 (40 dSm-1 + water stress), plants did not survive. The data regarding growth parameters and physiological were recorded at different stages of plant growth. Plant ionic parameters including Na+, K+ were determined in stem, leaves and root after harvesting. The data were analyzed statistically. It is concluded that Conocarpus erectus L. can tolerate salinity up to 40dSm-1 with full water but at salinity and water stress level of 40 dSm-1 + water stress, there was no survival of even a single plant. Keywords: Growth, potassium status, buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.), soil salinity, water stres

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Acromioaxillosuprasternal Notch Index For Prediction Of Difficult Airway Taking Cormack And Lehane Grading System As Gold Standard

Background: General anesthesia is still needed for several surgical interventions and requires endotracheal intubation. The difficult airway is a well-known entity, and a long list of predicting scores is present, yet a high degree of diagnostic accuracy still needs to be improved. Acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index (AASI) has shown some excellent results in recent times. Objective: Its objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index for predicting difficult airways and to take the Cormack and Lehane grading system as the gold standard. Methodology:   In this study, adults of both genders aged 20 to 70 years undergoing any surgery under general anesthesia having ASA class I to IV were included. AASI score of equal or less than 0.49 was taken as difficult airway while on Cormack and Lehane grade; it was labeled as yes where grade III or IV was seen. Results: The total number of cases were 350 cases, out of which 218 (62.29%) were males, and 132 (37.71%) were females. The mean age was 40.20±12.86 years, and the mean BMI was 24.71±3.13 (table 17). There were 294 (84%) cases in ASA Class I and II and 56 (14%) in class III and IV. Difficult intubation on AASI was seen in 54 (15.43%) and 57 (16.29%) cases on Cormack and Lehane grading.  The diagnostic accuracy of AASI for prediction of difficult intubating a difficult was 96.29% with sensitivity of 90.74%, specificity of 97.30%, PPV of 85.96%, NPV of 98.29% with p= 0.001. This difference was also statistically significant with all the confounding variables like age, gender, ASA class, and BMI.  Conclusion: The acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index is a significant predictor for tubing a difficult airway and taking Cormack and Lehane's grading as the gold standard. This difference is considerably better regarding age, gender, BMI, and ASA class.&nbsp

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Important Plant Attributes of Spring Wheat Under Normal and Drought Stress Conditions

A comparative study was conducted in drought and normally irrigated conditions, in which 25 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for various morphological traits involving plant height, canopy temperature, flag leaf area, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per hectare and relative water contents. A duplicated randomized complete block design was used in the experimental area of the Wheat Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad. Path coefficient and correlation for above-mentioned traits in both environments estimated and results revealed that spike length, spike density and 1000-grain weight were the main contributor in yield in both concerned environments. Maximum yield was recorded for the genotype V-11164 in normal and V-11168 in drought conditions whereas most stable genotype was V-11168 for yield in drought conditions. In normal conditions maximum correlation was recorded for number of grains per spike followed by grain weight per spike whereas number of grains per spike was also have top most value of correlation in drought environment. Keywords Wheat. Correlation and Path coefficient. Morphological Traits

Correlation and path coefficient analysis for important plant attributes of spring wheat under normal and drought stress conditions

A comparative study was conducted in drought and normally irrigated conditions, in which 25 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for various morphological traits involving plant height, canopy temperature, flag leaf area, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per hectare and relative water contents. A duplicated randomized complete block design was used in the experimental area of the Wheat Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad. Path coefficient and correlation for above-mentioned traits in both environments estimated and results revealed that spike length, spike density and 1000-grain weight were the main contributor in yield in both concerned environments. Maximum yield was recorded for the genotype V-11164 in normal and V-11168 in drought conditions whereas most stable genotype was V-11168 for yield in drought conditions. In normal conditions maximum correlation was recorded for number of grains per spike followed by grain weight per spike whereas number of grains per spike was also have top most value of correlation in drought environment. Keywords Wheat. Correlation and Path coefficient. Morphological Traits

Mandated Leave Policies in the Context of Student Mental Health Challenges at Canadian Universities: A Framework Analysis

Although there is increased attention to the mental health needs of university students, far less attention has been given to mental health-related university policies. Many Canadian public universities have mandated leave policies that specify the conditions under which a student may be required to take a leave of absence from university. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of current mandated leave policies in public Canadian English-speaking universities. Applied framework analysis methodology was used to examine the approaches to balancing the needs of students experiencing mental health challenges and providing a safe environment on campus. Three primary themes regarding mandated leave policies were identified, including (a) approaches for addressing mental health concerns, (b) balancing the needs of the student with the needs of the institution, and (c) guidelines, standards, and quality assurance. Implications for mandated leave policies and approaches to students experiencing mental health challenges are discussed.Bien que l’on s’intéresse de plus en plus aux besoins des étudiants universitaires en matière de santé mentale, on a accordé moins d’attention aux politiques universitaires relatives à la santé mentale. De nombreuses universités publiques canadiennes ont des politiques de congé obligatoire qui précisent les conditions dans lesquelles un étudiant doit prendre un congé de l’université. L’ob-jectif de la présente étude est d’analyser les politiques actuelles de congé obligatoire dans les universités publiques canadiennes anglophones. Une méthodologie d’analyse de cadre appliquée a été utilisée pour examiner les approches visant à trouver un équilibre entre les besoins des étudiants ayant des problèmes de santé mentale et la nécessité de fournir un environnement sûr sur le campus. Trois thèmes principaux ressortent concernant les politiques en matière de congés obligatoires, soit (a) les approches pour répondre aux problèmes de santé mentale, (b) l’équilibre entre les besoins de l’étudiant et les besoins de l’université, et (c) les lignes directrices, les normes et l’assurance de la qualité. Les implications pour les politiques de congé obligatoire et les approches auprès des étudiants ayant des problèmes de santé mentale sont discutées

The evaluation of various soil conditioners effects on the amelioration of saline-sodic soil

The soil salinity and sodicity collectively are the major problems in the soils of Pakistan and proved a continuous threat for the sustainability of agriculture.  A pot study was planned to ameliorate such problematic soils and for this purpose different soil conditioners were used viz. gypsum @ 39.078 g pot-1 soil gypsum requirement, Citric acid (CA) @ 29.067 g pot-1, H2SO4 @ 11.24 ml pot-1 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) @ 19.98 g pot-1 and control without any amendment and wheat was grown as a test crop. The results showed that maximum decrease in pH and SAR were 8.31 and 12.04 (mmol L-1)1/2 by application of H2SO4 and citric acid respectively. Similarly H2SO4 and citric acid treatment show significant results related to crop growth and yield. The maximum plant height (63.33cm), number of tillers (4.63), photosynthetic rate ((2.83 µmolm-2s-1), transpiration rate (0.63 molm-2s-1), stomata conductance (0.53 molm-2s-1), were by application of H2SO4. while the results related to grain yield were as maximum grain yield by H2SO4 was (15.67 g) and minimum grain yield was observed with control (6.73g). Moreover the decrease in grain yield was as H2SO4 (9.98 g) > citric acid (8.33 g) > PVA (7.36 g) > gypsum (6.12 g) > control (5.53g). From this experiment it was concluded that H2SO4 showed quick impact on soil physicochemical properties and growth parameters but gypsum and citric acid were long term and sustainable source to reclaim and to make saline-sodic soils more productive as compare to other soil conditioners. Keywords: soil conditioners, amelioration, saline-sodic soi

Comparative effects of biochar-nanosheets and conventional organic-amendments on health risks abatement of potentially toxic elements via consumption of wheat grown on industrially contaminated-soil

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) discharge to the soil environment through increased anthropogenic activities is a global threat. These l'Its can have harmful and chronic-persistent health effects on exposed populations through food consumption grown on contaminated soils. Efforts to investigate the transformation mechanism and accumulation behavior of PTEs in soil-plant system and their adverse health effects have focused extensively in previous studies. However, limited studies address biochar nano sheets (BCNs) as a potential soil amendment to reduced humans health risks through dietary intake of food-crop grown on PTE-contaminated soil. Here, we showed how BCNs cutback health hazards of PTEs through impacts on bioavailability and phytoaccumulation of PTEs, and their daily intake via consumption of wheat. When BCNs amendment was compared with both conventional organic amendments (COAs) and control, it significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced bioavailability and uptake of PTEs by wheat plants. Based on risk assessment results, the hazard indices (HIs) for PTEs in all treatments were <1, however, BCNs addition significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced risk level, when compared to control. Furthermore, the cancer risks for Cd, Cr and Ni over a lifetime of exposure were higher in all treatments than the tolerable limit (1.00E-4 to 1.00E-6), however BCNs addition significantly suppressed cancer risk compared to control. Conclusively, our results suggest that BCNs can be used as soil amendment to reduce potential risks of PTEs through consumption of food grown in PTE-contaminated soils. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Perceptions about the cause of schizophrenia and the subsequent help seeking behavior in a Pakistani population – results of a cross-sectional survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is a cultural variability around the perception of what causes the syndrome of schizophrenia. Generally patients with schizophrenia are considered dangerous. They are isolated and treatment is delayed. Studies have shown favorable prognosis with good family and social support, early diagnosis and management. Duration of untreated psychosis is a bad prognostic indicator. We aimed to determine the perceptions regarding the etiology of schizophrenia and the subsequent help seeking behavior.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 404 people at the out patient departments of Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Questions were related to a vignette of a young man displaying schizophrenic behavior. Data was analyzed on SPSS v 14.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean age of the participants was 31.4 years (range = 18–72) and 77% of them were males. The majorities were graduates (61.9%) and employed (50%). Only 30% of the participants attributed 'mental illness' as the main cause of psychotic symptoms while a large number thought of 'God's will' (32.3%), 'superstitious ideas' (33.1%), 'loneliness' (24.8%) and 'unemployment' (19.3%) as the main cause. Mental illness as the single most important cause was reported by only 22%. As far as management is concerned, only 40% reported psychiatric consultation to be the single most important management step. Other responses included spiritual healing (19.5%) and Sociachanges (10.6) while 14.8% of respondents said that they would do nothing. Gender, age, family system and education level were significantly associated with the beliefs about the cause of schizophrenia (p < 0.05). While these variables plus 'religious inclination' and 'beliefs about cause' were significantly associated with the help seeking behavior of the participants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Despite majority of the study population being well educated, only a few recognized schizophrenia as a mental illness and many held superstitious beliefs. A vast majority of Pakistanis have non-biomedical beliefs about the cause of schizophrenia. Their help seeking behavior in this regard is inappropriate and detrimental to the health of schizophrenic patients. Areas for future research have been identified.</p