Admiralty - Warranty of Seaworthiness - Longshoreman\u27s Choice of Remedies

Plaintiff, employee of a stevedoring company hired to unload defendant\u27s ship, was injured while operating a defective chisel truck in the ship\u27s hold. The truck belonged to and was operated, maintained and brought aboard by the stevedoring company, the ship having no similar equipment. Furthermore, the stevedoring company was assumed to be aware of the defect prior to the accident. Plaintiff brought suit for damages against the shipowner alleging unseaworthiness, and the shipowner impleaded the stevedoring company as a third-party defendant. On motion by the defendants for summary judgment, held, motion denied. The shipowner is liable on an absolute warranty of seaworthiness. Considine v. Black Diamond Steamship Corp., (D.C. Mass. 1958) 163 F. Supp. 107

Stratospheric dynamics

A global circulation model is being used to study the dynamical behavior of stratospheric planetary waves (waves having horizontal wavelengths of tens of thousands of kilometers) forced by growing cyclonic disturbances of intermediate scale, typically with wavelengths of a few thousand kilometers, which occur in the troposphere. Planetary scale waves are the dominant waves in the stratosphere, and are important for understanding the distribution of atmospheric trace constituents. Planetary wave forcing by intermediate scale tropospheric cyclonic disturbances is important for producing eastward travelling planetary waves of the sort which are prominent in the Southern Hemisphere during winter. The same global circulation model is also being used to simulate and understand the rate of dispersion and possible stratospheric climatic feedbacks of the El Chichon volcanic aerosol cloud. By comparing the results of the model calculation with an established data set now in existence for the volcanic cloud spatial and temporal distribution, stratospheric transport processes will be better understood, and the extent to which the cloud modified stratospheric wind and temperature fields can be assessed

NiO Exchange Bias Layers Grown by Direct Ion Beam Sputtering of a Nickel Oxide Target

A new process for fabricating NiO exchange bias layers has been developed. The process involves the direct ion beam sputtering (IBS) of a NiO target. The process is simpler than other deposition techniques for producing NiO buffer layers, and facilitates the deposition of an entire spin-valve layered structure using IBS without breaking vacuum. The layer thickness and temperature dependence of the exchange field for NiO/NiFe films produced using IBS are presented and are similar to those reported for similar films deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties of highly textured exchange couples deposited on single crystal substrates are compared to those of simultaneously deposited polycrystalline films, and both show comparable exchange fields. These results are compared to current theories describing the exchange coupling at the NiO/NiFe interface.Comment: 9 pages, Latex 2.09, 3 postscript figures. You can also this manuscript at http://www.wsrcc.com/alison/fixed-nio/manuscript.html To be published in _IEEE Trans. Magn._, Nov. 199

Synergy Between Entry Probes and Orbiters

We identify two catagories of probe-orbiter interactions which benefit the science return from a particular mission. The first category is termed "Mission Design Aspects". This category is meant to describe those aspects of the mission design involving the orbiter that affect the science return from the probe(s). The second category of probe-orbiter interaction is termed "Orbiter-Probe Science Interactions", and is meant to include interactions between oribter and probe(s) that directly involve science measurements made from each platform. Two mission related aspects of probe-orbiter interactions are delivery of a probe(s) to the entry site(s) by an orbiter, and communication between each probe and the orbiter. We consider four general probe-orbiter science interactions that greatly enhance, or in certain cases are essential for, the mission science return. The four topics are, global context of the probe entry site(s), ground truth for remote sensing observations of an orbiter, atmospheric composition measurements, and wind measurements

Rodent Populations and Crop Damage in Minimum Tillage Corn Fields

No-till and disked cornfields were examined in southwest Iowa to determine small mammal population densities, movements, and impacts of rodent depredations on corn seedlings. Two replicates of the treatments corn planted into. corn stubble, corn planted into chemically treated sod, and corn planted into spring-disked fields were studied during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons. Grids of 100 Sherman live traps were established at the edge and middle of each field to determine rodent densities and document possible encroachment of small mammals from nearby habitats. Trapping experiments were conducted for 6 consecutive days during May, August, and November. To assess crop damage, 5 164 ft. (50 m) transects were established in the edge and middle of each field. Corn seedlings were examined every other day for the first 10 days post-emergence

Rodent Populations and Crop Damage in Minimum Tillage Corn Fields

No-till and disked cornfields were examined in southwest Iowa to determine small mammal population densities, movements, and impacts of rodent depredations on corn seedlings. Two replicates of the treatments corn planted into. corn stubble, corn planted into chemically treated sod, and corn planted into spring-disked fields were studied during the 1982 and 1983 growing seasons. Grids of 100 Sherman live traps were established at the edge and middle of each field to determine rodent densities and document possible encroachment of small mammals from nearby habitats. Trapping experiments were conducted for 6 consecutive days during May, August, and November. To assess crop damage, 5 164 ft. (50 m) transects were established in the edge and middle of each field. Corn seedlings were examined every other day for the first 10 days post-emergence

Settleability assessment protocol for anaerobic granular sludge and its application

A simple method for settleability assessment of anaerobic granular sludge was proposed and its applicability as an opera parameter was evaluated in a lab-scale UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater. Based on the settleability protocol, the O was increased up to 28 kg COD.m-3.d-1 (67 kg COD.m-3 of granular bed volume.d-1) which corresponds to an HRT of 1 h. The re revealed that the protocol was sufficiently sensitive to define the settleability of the sludge samples and to accurately determ their allowable upflow velocities, resultant organic loading rates, and recycling ratios according to the settleability of the gran bed. Also, a series of graphical procedures with settling tests which are very easy to apply for settleability monitoring improvised, capable of direct use as an operational and monitoring parameter of the granular bed with laboratory and full-scale reactors, without need for additional sludge bed control such as dosing of chemicals. In addition, this method was also found to be applicable to improve and monitor system performance according to high or low-strength wastewater characteristics. Image analysis of the granular biomass supported the suitability of this graphical method. WaterSA Vol.29(4) 2003: 419-42

Cephalopods of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A two-leg cruise of R/V G. O. Sars in summer of 2004 along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge explored the diversity and distribution patterns of pelagic and non-hydrothermal bottom communities in the vicinity of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In total, 1295 cephalopods were caught, representing 56 species. Differences in species composition and size were apparent among the various types of trawls used. The Aakra trawl and bottom trawl caught the largest numbers of species (38 and 34, respectively); size of cephalopods was directly related to the size of the net. Many more species were caught in the southern part of the study area than farther north. The most abundant species was Gonatus steenstrupi, found mostly in the northern part of the study area. A few abundant species, such as Mastigoteuthis agassizii, were found throughout the region, with no clear indication that their northern or southern distributional limits occur within the area sampled. Several benthic and one pelagic species, all taken in small numbers, were captured only in the region of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. We found many species at very low numbers (i.e. 37 species with <10 specimens in all gear types combined)

Disease activity flares and pain flares in an early rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort; characteristics, antecedents and sequelae

© 2019 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background: RA flares are common and disabling. They are described in terms of worsening inflammation but pain and inflammation are often discordant. To inform treatment decisions, we investigated whether inflammatory and pain flares are discrete entities. Methods: People from the Early RA Network (ERAN) cohort were assessed annually up to 11 years after presentation (n = 719, 3703 person-years of follow up). Flare events were defined in 2 different ways that were analysed in parallel; DAS28 or Pain Flares. DAS28 Flares satisfied OMERACT flare criteria of increases in DAS28 since the previous assessment (≥1.2 points if active RA or ≥ 0.6 points if inactive RA). A ≥ 4.8-point worsening of SF36-Bodily Pain score defined Pain Flares. The first documented episode of each of DAS28 and Pain Flare in each person was analysed. Subgroups within DAS28 and Pain Flares were determined using Latent Class Analysis. Clinical course was compared between flare subgroups. Results: DAS28 (45%) and Pain Flares (52%) were each common but usually discordant, with 60% of participants in DAS28 Flare not concurrently in Pain Flare, and 64% of those in Pain Flare not concurrently in DAS28 Flare. Three discrete DAS28 Flare subgroups were identified. One was characterised by increases in tender/swollen joint counts (14.4%), a second by increases in symptoms (13.1%), and a third displayed lower flare severity (72.5%). Two discrete Pain Flare subgroups were identified. One occurred following low disease activity and symptoms (88.6%), and the other occurred on the background of ongoing active disease and pain (11.4%). Despite the observed differences between DAS28 and Pain Flares, each was associated with increased disability which persisted beyond the flare episode. Conclusion: Flares are both common and heterogeneous in people with RA. Furthermore our findings indicate that for some patients there is a discordance between inflammation and pain in flare events. This discrete flare subgroups might reflect different underlying inflammation and pain mechanisms. Treatments addressing different mechanisms might be required to reduce persistent disability after DAS28 and Pain Flares.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio