Impacts, Monitoring and Management of Forest Pests and Diseases

Forest pests have diverse negative impacts on forestry economy, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable ecosystem management. The first step towards effectively managing forest pests would be to monitor their occurrence and assess their impact on forest ecosystems. The monitoring results can provide basic information for effective management strategies. The data from monitoring programs can result in the development of new methods for monitoring, assessing impact, and developing management techniques. This special issue aims to share information to assist in the effective management of forest pests, by understanding the responses of forest pests to natural and anthropogenic changes, and discussing new studies on the monitoring, assessment, and management of forest pests. The fourteen papers included in this issue focus on monitoring, assessing, and managing forest pests, including one editorial providing an overall idea of the monitoring, assessment and management of forest pests, two articles reviewing long-term changes in forest pests and forests, four papers focusing on the monitoring of forest pests, three papers on the assessment of forest pests, and four papers on the management of forest pests. These papers provide a better understanding of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests

Poset modules of the 00-Hecke algebras and related quasisymmetric power sum expansions

Duchamp--Hivert--Thibon introduced the construction of a right $H_n(0)$-module, denoted as $M_P$, for any partial order $P$ on the set $[n]$. This module is defined by specifying a suitable action of $H_n(0)$ on the set of linear extensions of $P$. In this paper, we refer to this module as the poset module associated with $P$. Firstly, we show that $\bigoplus_{n \ge 0} G_0(\mathscr{P}(n))$ has a Hopf algebra structure that is isomorphic to the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions, where $\mathscr{P}(n)$ is the full subcategory of $\textbf{mod-}H_n(0)$ whose objects are direct sums of finitely many isomorphic copies of poset modules and $G_0(\mathscr{P}(n))$ is the Grothendieck group of $\mathscr{P}(n)$. We also demonstrate how (anti-)automorphism twists interact with these modules, the induction product and restrictions. Secondly, we investigate the (type 1) quasisymmetric power sum expansion of some quasi-analogues $Y_\alpha$ of Schur functions, where $\alpha$ is a composition. We show that they can be expressed as the sum of the $P$-partition generating functions of specific posets, which allows us to utilize the result established by Liu--Weselcouch. Additionally, we provide a new algorithm for obtaining these posets. Using these findings, for the dual immaculate function and the extended Schur function, we express the coefficients appearing in the quasisymmetric power sum expansions in terms of border strip tableaux.Comment: 42 page

The projective cover of tableau-cyclic indecomposable Hn(0)H_n(0)-modules

Let $\alpha$ be a composition of $n$ and $\sigma$ a permutation in $\mathfrak{S}_{\ell(\alpha)}$. This paper concerns the projective covers of $H_n(0)$-modules $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$, $X_\alpha$ and $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\alpha}$, which categorify the dual immaculate quasisymmetric function, the extended Schur function, and the quasisymmetric Schur function when $\sigma$ is the identity, respectively. First, we show that the projective cover of $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$ is the projective indecomposable module $\mathbf{P}_\alpha$ due to Norton, and $X_\alpha$ and the $\phi$-twist of the canonical submodule $\mathbf{S}^{\sigma}_{\beta,C}$ of $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\beta}$ for $(\beta,\sigma)$'s satisfying suitable conditions appear as $H_n(0)$-homomorphic images of $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$. Second, we introduce a combinatorial model for the $\phi$-twist of $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\alpha}$ and derive a series of surjections starting from $\mathbf{P}_\alpha$ to the $\phi$-twist of $\mathbf{S}^{\mathrm{id}}_{\alpha,C}$. Finally, we construct the projective cover of every indecomposable direct summand $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\alpha, E}$ of $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\alpha}$. As a byproduct, we give a characterization of triples $(\sigma, \alpha, E)$ such that the projective cover of $\mathbf{S}^\sigma_{\alpha, E}$ is indecomposable.Comment: 41 page

Image Data Compensation to Prevent Display Artifacts on an OLED Display

This publication describes techniques for image data compensation that prevent display artifacts on an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display when the refresh rate and the clock speed of the display are changed. The OLED display may be implemented in a mobile device that supports multiple refresh rates. To conserve power, the mobile device may alter the refresh rate and clock speed of the OLED display from a first refresh rate and clock speed to a second refresh rate and clock speed. Image data intended to be displayed on a particular pixel row of the OLED display may be compensated based on the first refresh rate, the second refresh rate, and the location of the particular pixel row within the OLED display to generate compensated image data. Using the techniques described herein, the compensated image data may be output for use in preventing display artifacts while the image data is displayed in a first frame after the refresh rate and clock speed are changed

Homological properties of 0-Hecke modules for dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions

Let $n$ be a nonnegative integer. For each composition $\alpha$ of $n$, Berg $\textit{et al.}$ introduced a cyclic indecomposable $H_n(0)$-module $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$ with a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function as the image of the quasisymmetric characteristic. In this paper, we study $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$'s from the homological viewpoint. To be precise, we construct a minimal projective presentation of $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$ and a minimal injective presentation of $\mathcal{V}_\alpha$ as well. Using them, we compute ${\rm Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}(\mathcal{V}_\alpha, {\bf F}_\beta)$ and ${\rm Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}( {\bf F}_\beta, \mathcal{V}_\alpha)$, where ${\bf F}_\beta$ is the simple $H_n(0)$-module attached to a composition $\beta$ of $n$. We also compute ${\rm Ext}_{H_n(0)}^i(\mathcal{V}_\alpha,\mathcal{V}_{\beta})$ when $i=0,1$ and $\beta \le_l \alpha$, where $\le_l$ represents the lexicographic order on compositions.Comment: 44 pages, to be published in Forum of Math: Sigm

Simultaneous deletion of floxed genes mediated by CaMKIIa-Cre in the brain and in male germ cells: application to conditional and conventional disruption of Go-alfa

The Cre/LoxP system is a well-established approach to spatially and temporally control genetic inactivation. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIα) promoter limits expression to specific regions of the forebrain and thus has been utilized for the brain-specific inactivation of the genes. Here, we show that CaMKIIα-Cre can be utilized for simultaneous inactivation of genes in the adult brain and in male germ cells. Double transgenic Rosa26+/stop-lacZ::CaMKIIα-Cre+/Cre mice generated by crossing CaMKIIα-Cre+/Cre mice with floxed ROSA26 lacZ reporter (Rosa26+/stop-lacZ) mice exhibited lacZ expression in the brain and testis. When these mice were mated to wild-type females, about 27% of the offspring were whole body blue by X-gal staining without inheriting the Cre transgene. These results indicate that recombination can occur in the germ cells of male Rosa26+/stop-lacZ::CaMKIIα-Cre+/Cre mice. Similarly, when double transgenic Gnao+/f::CaMKIIα-Cre+/Cre mice carrying a floxed Go-alpha gene (Gnaof/f) were backcrossed to wild-type females, approximately 22% of the offspring carried the disrupted allele (GnaoΔ) without inheriting the Cre transgene. The GnaoΔ/Δ mice closely resembled conventional Go-alpha knockout mice (Gnao−/−) with respect to impairment of their behavior. Thus, we conclude that CaMKIIα-Cre mice afford recombination for both tissue- and time-controlled inactivation of floxed target genes in the brain and for their permanent disruption. This work also emphasizes that extra caution should be exercised in utilizing CaMKIIα-Cre mice as breeding pairs.Fil: Choi, Chan-Il. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Yoon, Sang-Phil. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Choi, Jung-Mi. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Kim, Sung-Soo. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Lee, Young-Don. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Estados Unidos. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Suh-Kim. Haeyoung. Ajou University. School of Medicine; Corea del Su

Model-Free Reconstruction of Capacity Degradation Trajectory of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Early Cycle Data

Early degradation prediction of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring safety and preventing unexpected failure in manufacturing and diagnostic processes. Long-term capacity trajectory predictions can fail due to cumulative errors and noise. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-centric method that uses early single-cycle data to predict the capacity degradation trajectory of lithium-ion cells. The method involves predicting a few knots at specific retention levels using a deep learning-based model and interpolating them to reconstruct the trajectory. Two approaches are used to identify the retention levels of two to four knots: uniformly dividing the retention up to the end of life and finding optimal locations using Bayesian optimization. The proposed model is validated with experimental data from 169 cells using five-fold cross-validation. The results show that mean absolute percentage errors in trajectory prediction are less than 1.60% for all cases of knots. By predicting only the cycle numbers of at least two knots based on early single-cycle charge and discharge data, the model can directly estimate the overall capacity degradation trajectory. Further experiments suggest using three-cycle input data to achieve robust and efficient predictions, even in the presence of noise. The method is then applied to predict various shapes of capacity degradation patterns using additional experimental data from 82 cells. The study demonstrates that collecting only the cycle information of a few knots during model training and a few early cycle data points for predictions is sufficient for predicting capacity degradation. This can help establish appropriate warranties or replacement cycles in battery manufacturing and diagnosis processes

Automatic 3D Model Generation based on a Matching of Adaptive Control Points

Abstract The use of a 3D model helps to diagnosis and accurately locate a disease where it is neither available, nor can be exactly measured in a 2D image. Therefore, highly accurate software for a 3D model of vessel is required for an accurate diagnosis of patients. We have generated standard vessel because the shape of the arterial is different for each individual vessel, where the standard vessel can be adjusted to suit individual vessel. In this paper, we propose a new approach for an automatic 3D model generation based on a matching of adaptive control points. The proposed method is carried out in three steps. First, standard and individual vessels are acquired. The standard vessel is acquired by a 3D model projection, while the individual vessel of the first segmented vessel bifurcation is obtained. Second is matching the corresponding control points between the standard and individual vessels, where a set of control and corner points are automatically extracted using the Harris corner detector. If control points exist between corner points in an individual vessel, it is adaptively interpolated in the corresponding standard vessel which is proportional to the distance ratio. And then, the control points of corresponding individual vessel match with those control points of standard vessel. Finally, we apply warping on the standard vessel to suit the individual vessel using the TPS (Thin Plate Spline) interpolation function. For experiments, we used angiograms of various patients from a coronary angiography in Sanggye Paik Hospital