Effect of hypoxia on metabolic markers and gene expression HIF-1 α in adipocytes

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; omega-3 fatty acid) has been reported to have potential anti-obesity properties. Hypoxia is a condition that results from the excessive expansion of white adipose tissue resulting in obesity-related conditions including insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods: The objective of this study was to test the effects of DHA on the hypoxia responses (1.0 % for 24 hours) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function, and antioxidant status. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The metabolic parameters such as lactate, glycerol release, glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were measured by fluorometer. The expression of (hypoxia inducible factor 1 α; HIF-1 α) and the secretion of adipocytokines were evaluated by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbant assay). Results: Under hypoxia conditions, DHA treatment resulted in significant changes in all critical parameters of adipocyte biology including HIF-1α RNA expression (decreased by 50%), decreased lactate and glycerol release (66% and 25% respectively), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (decreased by 15%), while glucose uptake was decreased by 25% accompnied by decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory markers (Interleukin 6 IL-6, 31% reduction) , macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 MCP-1 (38% reduction) and leptin (14% reduction), and increased adiponectin secretion (by 45%). The exposure of adipocytes to 1% hypoxia significantly alters the transcript of hypoxia genes, and other genes involved in glucose (GLUT1, GLUT4) and lipid (PPAR-γ) metabolism, and is also linked to anaerobic metabolism with apoptosis and increased oxidative stress. Conclusion: Data indicate that DHA can exert potential anti-hypoxia effects by reducing the secretion of inflammatory adipocytokines, oxidative stress, lipolysis and apoptosis. This may ameliorate the deleterious effects of excess adiposity

Study on moving direction and survival index of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings using mark-recapture method in Caspian Sea (Guilan province coasts)

To study moving direction and survival index of Persian sturgeon fingerlings, a total of 390200 individuals of the fish in three weight classes: less than 3g, 3 to 5g and 6 to10g were marked by coded wire tags (CWT) during 2003 to 2008. In 2003, 101500 of these individuals were marked in Shahid Beheshti, Shahid Rajaee and Shahid Marjani Sturgeon Rearing Centers, in north of Iran and then released in Sephidrud, Tajan and Gorganrud rivers. During 2004 to 2008, 288700 pieces were marked by Shahid Beheshti Rearing Centers and released in Sephidrud River. Catch and detection of fingerlings carried out by gill net prepared from nylon with mesh sizes 22, 26, 33 (2 filaments for each mesh) and one 40mm mesh size. Totally, 175 meters of net was used to study fishes in waters under 10m depth in Guilan province. In all, 2827 pieces of this fish were caught of which 40 had CWT and these belonged to weight classes 6-10g (22 pieces), 3-5g (17 pieces) and under 3g (one piece). Results on release and catch of the fingerlings for Sephirud River showed that more than 70% of fingerlings moved to eastern parts of the estuary and eastern coasts of Guilan province (stations like 12 Bahman, Dastak and Chaboksar). Of the fingerlings released in Gorganrud and Tajan rivers, only one piece was caught in Chaboksar and another in Lisar after 15 months. Hence, we postulated that the fingerlings released in Mazandaran and Golestan provices migrated to Guilan province coasts. Statistical analysis of the survival index in different weight classes indicated that the class 6-10g had higher survival rate, twice than class 3-5g and 20 times more than that of the class under 3g. Considering these results, probably the higher weight at release time can be effective in increasing the survival rate of the Persian sturgeon fingerlings

On the Complexity of Temporal-Logic Path Checking

Given a formula in a temporal logic such as LTL or MTL, a fundamental problem is the complexity of evaluating the formula on a given finite word. For LTL, the complexity of this task was recently shown to be in NC. In this paper, we present an NC algorithm for MTL, a quantitative (or metric) extension of LTL, and give an NCC algorithm for UTL, the unary fragment of LTL. At the time of writing, MTL is the most expressive logic with an NC path-checking algorithm, and UTL is the most expressive fragment of LTL with a more efficient path-checking algorithm than for full LTL (subject to standard complexity-theoretic assumptions). We then establish a connection between LTL path checking and planar circuits, which we exploit to show that any further progress in determining the precise complexity of LTL path checking would immediately entail more efficient evaluation algorithms than are known for a certain class of planar circuits. The connection further implies that the complexity of LTL path checking depends on the Boolean connectives allowed: adding Boolean exclusive or yields a temporal logic with P-complete path-checking problem

Deterministic KPZ-type equations with nonlocal “gradient terms”

The main goal of this paper is to prove existence and non-existence results for deterministic Kardar–Parisi–Zhang type equations involving non-local “gradient terms”. More precisely, let Ω ⊂ RN, N≥ 2 , be a bounded domain with boundary ∂Ω of class C2. For s∈ (0 , 1) , we consider problems of the form {(-Δ)su=μ(x)|D(u)|q+λf(x),inΩ,u=0,inRN\Ω,(KPZ)where q> 1 and λ> 0 are real parameters, f belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space, μ∈ L∞(Ω) and D represents a nonlocal “gradient term”. Depending on the size of λ> 0 , we derive existence and non-existence results. In particular, we solve several open problems posed in [Abdellaoui in Nonlinearity 31(4): 1260-1298 (2018), Section 6] and [Abdellaoui in Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh Sect A 150(5): 2682-2718 (2020), Section 7]. © 2022, Fondazione Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Geodesic Warps by Conformal Mappings

In recent years there has been considerable interest in methods for diffeomorphic warping of images, with applications e.g.\ in medical imaging and evolutionary biology. The original work generally cited is that of the evolutionary biologist D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, who demonstrated warps to deform images of one species into another. However, unlike the deformations in modern methods, which are drawn from the full set of diffeomorphism, he deliberately chose lower-dimensional sets of transformations, such as planar conformal mappings. In this paper we study warps of such conformal mappings. The approach is to equip the infinite dimensional manifold of conformal embeddings with a Riemannian metric, and then use the corresponding geodesic equation in order to obtain diffeomorphic warps. After deriving the geodesic equation, a numerical discretisation method is developed. Several examples of geodesic warps are then given. We also show that the equation admits totally geodesic solutions corresponding to scaling and translation, but not to affine transformations

Isocyanurate transformation induced healing of isocyanurate–oxazolidone polymers

Isocyanurate–oxazolidone (ISOX) polymers have been reported as a novel, intrinsically self‐healable thermoset, and their healing mechanism under the effect of nucleophiles, such as tertiary amines and pyridines during polymerization, is thoroughly investigated in this study. This work provides evidence that the healing behavior of the polymers results part from the transformation of isocyanurate to oxazolidone on the fracture surfaces of the ISOX polymers at elevated temperatures. The isocyanurate transformation is characterized by chemical composition of the ISOX polymers before and after a predetermined healing procedure, through a combination characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the chemical composition of the ISOX polymers, an increased oxazolidone fraction is observed after the healing event, which verifies the hypothesized healing mechanism. By correlating the change in oxazolidone fraction in the polymers during the healing event, with the corresponding healing performance of the polymers, healing efficiencies of the polymers are shown to be inversely proportional to the ratio of oxazolidone to isocyanurate in the polymers. The transformation to oxazolidone is also shown to be dependent on two variables, nucleophilicity of the polymerization catalyst and duration of the postcure. The isocyanate and epoxide polymerization mechanism in the presence of nucleophiles is also investigated to explain the effect of the catalyst nucleophilicity on the chemical composition as well as the healing performance of the ISOX polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48698.Isocyanurate‐to‐oxazolidone transformation within the polymers for healing.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154270/1/app48695-sup-0001-FigureS1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154270/2/app48698_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154270/3/app48698.pd

Optimizing DC Microgrid Systems for Efficient Electric Vehicle Battery Charging in Ain El Ibel, Algeria

In addressing the critical challenge of developing sustainable energy solutions for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging, this study introduces an innovative direct current (DC) microgrid system optimized for areas with high solar irradiance, such as Ain El Ibel, Djelfa. The research confronts two primary difficulties: maximizing solar energy utilization in the microgrid system and ensuring system stability and response accuracy for reliable EV charging. To tackle these challenges, the study presents two original achievements. Firstly, it develops a neural network-enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, which is further optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to increase the efficiency of solar energy capture. Secondly, it refines the system's reliability through the advanced calibration of a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral (FOPI) controller using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique, marking a notable improvement in microgrid system stability and response accuracy. The integration of a solar panel array, battery storage, and a supercapacitor, coupled with these advanced optimization techniques, exemplifies a significant leap forward in enhancing efficiency and reliability of EV battery charging through renewable energy sources. Comprehensive simulation and evaluation of the system underscore its superiority over conventional methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining neural network-based optimization with PSO and GWO. This breakthrough not only advances the field of renewable energy, particularly for solar-powered EV charging stations, but also aligns with global efforts towards sustainable transportation solutions

Hernie obturatrice étranglée: à propos de deux cas

La hernie obturatrice (HO) est rare. Elle est à l'origine de 0,2 à 1,6% des occlusions mécaniques de l'intestin grêle avec un taux de mortalité etmorbidité après chirurgie est respectivement de 35 et 18%. Nous rapportons le cas de deux patientes chez qui le diagnostic de HO étranglée est établie dans le cadre du bilan d'une occlusion. La HO est une entité dont le diagnostic préopératoire est difficile en raison de la faible spécificité clinique. L'examen tomodensitométrique semble être une aide majeure au diagnostic  étiologique. Mais une fois le diagnostic d'occlusion posé, une intervention en urgence permettra d'en préciser l'étiologie et d'en réaliser le traitement. Tout retard thérapeutique majore la mortalité et la morbidité

Differential elasticity in lineage segregation of embryonic stem cells

The question of what guides lineage segregation is central to development, where cellular differentiation leads to segregated cell populations destined for specialized functions. Here, using optical tweezers measurements of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we reveal a mechanical mechanism based on differential elasticity in the second lineage segregation of the embryonic inner cell mass into epiblast (EPI) cells - that will develop into the fetus - and primitive endoderm (PrE) - which will form extraembryonic structures such as the yolk sac. Remarkably, we find that these mechanical differences already occur during priming and not just after a cell has committed to differentiation. Specifically, we show that the mESCs are highly elastic compared to any other reported cell type and that the PrE cells are significantly more elastic than EPI-primed cells. Using a model of two cell types differing only in elasticity we show that differential elasticity alone can lead to segregation between cell types, suggesting that the mechanical attributes of the cells contribute to the segregation process. Our findings present differential elasticity as a previously unknown mechanical contributor to the lineage segregation during the embryo morphogenesis