Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), Life and Health

Light has profoundly impacted modern medicine and healthcare, with numerous luminescent agents and imaging techniques currently being used to assess health and treat diseases. As an emerging concept in luminescence, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has shown great potential in biological applications due to its advantages in terms of brightness, biocompatibility, photostability, and positive correlation with concentration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of AIE luminogens applied in imaging of biological structure and dynamic physiological processes, disease diagnosis and treatment, and detection and monitoring of specific analytes, followed by representative works. Discussions on critical issues and perspectives on future directions are also included. This review aims to stimulate the interest of researchers from different fields, including chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, etc., thus promoting the development of AIE in the fields of life and health

Recognition of Damage Modes and Hilbert–Huang Transform Analyses of 3D Braided Composites

The identification and classification of acoustic emission (AE) based failure modes are complex due to the fact that AE waves are generally released simultaneously from all AE-emitting damage sources. To fully understand the occurrence of damage and the damage evolution law of 3D braided composites, the tensile response characteristics and failure mechanisms of such composites were revealed by experiments, followed by frequency domain analyses. The results indicated good correlation between the number of AE events and the evolution of damage in 3D braided composites. After an AE signal was decomposed by the Hilbert⁻Huang transform (HHT) method, it might extract and separate all damage modes included in this AE signal. Additionally, the frequency saltation in the HHT spectra implied changes in the failure mode of the 3D braided composites. This study provides an effective new method for the analysis of the tensile fracture mechanism in 3D braided composites

Bifurcation control of an incommensurate fractional-order Van der Pol oscillator

In this paper, a dynamic state feedback is applied to control Hopf bifurcations arising from an incommensurate fractional-order Van der Pol oscillator. The control parameter of the incommensurate fractional-order Van der Pol system is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. It is shown that in the absences of the dynamic state feedback controller, the incommensurate fractional-order system loses the stability via the Hopf bifurcation early and can maintain the stability only in a certain domain of the control parameter. When the state feedback controller is applied to the incommensurate fractional-order system, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended and the system possesses the stability in a larger parameter range. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the validity of the dynamic state feedback controller in bifurcation control of the incommensurate fractional-order Van der Pol system

Bifurcation control of a fractional-order Van der Pol oscillator based on the state feedback

In this paper, a dynamic state feedback is applied to control Hopf bifurcations arising from a fractional-order Van Der Pol oscillator. The degree parameter indicating the strength of the nonlinear damping is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. It is shown that in the absences of the dynamic state feedback controller, the fractional-order Van Der Pol oscillator loses the stability via the Hopf bifurcation early, and can maintain the stability only in a certain domain of the degree parameter. When applying the state feedback controller to the fractional-order Van Der Pol oscillator, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended, and the system possesses the stability in a larger parameter range. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the dynamic state feedback controller in bifurcation controls

Systematic identification of smORFs in domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori)

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is not only an excellent model species, but also an important agricultural economic insect. Taking it as the research object, its advantages of low maintenance cost and no biohazard risks are considered. Small open reading frames (smORFs) are an important class of genomic elements that can produce bioactive peptides. However, the smORFs in silkworm had been poorly identified and studied. To further study the smORFs in silkworm, systematic genome-wide identification is essential. Here, we identified and analyzed smORFs in the silkworm using comprehensive methods. Our results showed that at least 738 highly reliable smORFs were found in B. mori and that 34,401 possible smORFs were partially supported. We also identified some differentially expressed and tissue-specific-expressed smORFs, which may be closely related to the characteristics and functions of the tissues. This article provides a basis for subsequent research on smORFs in silkworm, and also hopes to provide a reference point for future research methods for smORFs in other species

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina

Wild (Bombyx mandarina) and domestic silkworms (B. mori) are good models for investigating insect domestication, as 5000 years of artificial breeding and selection have resulted in significant differences between B. mandarina and B. mori. In this study, we improved the genome assemblies to the chromosome level and updated the protein-coding gene annotations for B. mandarina. Based on this updated genome, we identified 68 cytochrome P450 genes in B. mandarina. The cytochrome P450 repository in B. mandarina is smaller than in B. mori. Certain currently unknown key genes, rather than gene number, are critical for insecticide resistance in B. mandarina, which shows greater resistance to insecticides than B. mori. Based on the physical maps of B. mandarina, we located 66 cytochrome P450s on 18 different chromosomes, and 27 of the cytochrome P450 genes were concentrated into seven clusters. KEGG enrichment analysis of the P450 genes revealed the involvement of cytochrome P450 genes in hormone biosynthesis. Analyses of the silk gland transcriptome identified candidate cytochrome P450 genes (CYP306A) involved in ecdysteroidogenesis and insecticide metabolism in B. mandarina