<Note>Observation of Feeding Behavior of Termite Using CCD Camera and Its Relation to the Generation of Acoustic Emission (AE)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The feeding behavior of a worker of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was observed with CCD camera under AE monitering. Two types of feeding behavior, biting and nibbling using the mandible, were observed. AEs were detected only when the termites bited or nibbled at the wood surface

CO2 efflux from leaf litter focused on spatial and temporal heterogeneity of moisture

Leaf litter respiration (R [LL]) was directly measured in situ to evaluate relationships with the water content in leaf litter (WC), which is distributed heterogeneously under natural conditions. To do so, we developed a small, closed static chamber system using an infrared gas analyzer, which can measure instantaneous R [LL]. This study focuses on the measurement of CO2 effluxes from leaf litter using the chamber system in the field and examines the relationship between R [LL] and WC among seven broadleaf species in a temperate forest. The measurements focused on the position of leaves within the litter layer, finding that both R [LL] and WC were significantly higher in the lower layer. The value of R [LL] increased with increasing WC, and the response of R [LL] to WC was similar among all seven species. Moreover, the temporal variation in WC differed among three species and was associated with leaf litter thickness. The observed heterogeneity in WC induced by the physical environment (e.g., position and thickness of leaf litter) affects the variation in WC and, therefore, both R [LL] and the decomposition rates of organic matter in the litter layer

Effect of annealing and hydrogen on properties of electrodeposited platinum electrode and lead-zirconate-titanate films for ferroelectric random access memory applications

The selection of capacitor electrode materials for the nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memory is one of the most important issues because capacitor electrical characteristics are strongly influenced by the electrode materials. The lower Pt electrode was electrodeposited on the Ti seed/Pt seed layer. Two different thicknesses of Ti seed layer (5 and 15 nm) were adopted, and lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) was deposited on the electrodeposited Pt. The Pt crystal orientation with a 5 nm Ti seed layer is much better than that with a 15 nm Ti seed layer, and the deposited PZT shows much better crystal orientation. Due to better crystal orientation of the PZT layer in the case of a 5 nm Ti seed layer, a Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor well-saturated D-V hysteresis loop was obtained whereas little current was observed in the large electric field. With the 15 nm Ti seed layer, numerous several-mu m-sized voids formed on the lower Pt electrode surface. With the 5 nm Ti seed layer, fewer voids formed on the lower Pt electrode surface. Glow discharge spectrometry measurement with a 15 nm Ti seed layer shows much higher H intensity than that with a 5 nm Ti seed layer, and the H peak coincides with the Ti peak. The H existing in the Ti seed layer must have transmitted into the PZT layer and deteriorated the PZT crystal orientation. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. </p

An analysis of visitors' length of stay through noninvasive Bluetooth monitoring in the Louvre Museum

Art Museums traditionally employ observations and surveys to enhance their knowledge of visitors' behavior and experience. However, these approaches often produce spatially and temporally limited empirical evidence and measurements. Only recently has the ubiquity of digital technologies revolutionized the ability to collect data on human behavior. Consequently, the greater availability of large-scale datasets based on quantifying visitors' behavior provides new opportunities to apply computational and comparative analytical techniques. In this paper, we attempt to analyze visitors' behavior in the Louvre Museum from anonymized longitudinal datasets collected from noninvasive Bluetooth sensors. We examine visitors' length of stay in the museum and consider this relationship with occupation density around artwork. This data analysis increases the knowledge and understanding of museum professionals related to the experience of visitors.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Analysis of visitors’ mobility patterns through random walk in the Louvre Museum

This paper proposes a random walk model to analyze visitors' mobility patterns in a large museum. Visitors' available time makes their visiting styles different, resulting in dissimilarity in the order and number of visited places and in path sequence length. We analyze all this by comparing a simulation model and observed data, which provide us the strength of the visitors' mobility patterns. The obtained results indicate that shorter stay-type visitors exhibit stronger patterns than those with the longer stay-type, confirming that the former are more selective than the latter in terms of their visitation type.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 4 table

Experimental study of non-inductive current in Heliotron J

It is important to control non-inductive current for generation and steady-state operation of highperformance plasmas in toroidal fusion devices. Helical devices allow dynamic control of non-inductivecurrent through a wide variety of magnetic configurations. The reversal of non-inductive current consisting of bootstrap current and electron cyclotron driven current in electron cyclotron heating plasmas has been observed in a specific configuration at low density in Heliotron J device. By analyzing thenon-inductive current for normal and reversed magnetic fields, we present experimental evidence for the reversal of bootstrap current. Our experiments and calculations suggest that the reversal is caused bya positive radial electric field of about 10 kV/m. Moreover, we show that the typical electron cyclotron current drive efficiency in Heliotron J plasma is about 1.0 × 1017 AW?1m?2, which is comparable to other helical devices. We have found that the value is about 10 times lower than that of tokamak devices. This might be due to an enhanced Ohkawa effect by trapped particles

Conducting visitor studies using smartphone-based location sensing

Visitor studies explore human experiences within museums, cultural heritage sites, and other informal learning settings to inform decisions. Smartphones offer novel opportunities for extending the depth and breadth of visitor studies while considerably reducing their cost and their demands on specialist human resources. By enabling the collection of significantly higher volumes of data, they also make possible the application of advanced machine-learning and visualization techniques, potentially leading to the discovery of new patterns and behaviors that cannot be captured by simple descriptive statistics. In this article, we present a principled approach to the use of smartphones for visitor studies, in particular proposing a structured methodology and associated methods that enable its effective use in this context. We discuss specific methodological considerations that have to be addressed for effective data collection, preprocessing, and analysis and identify the limitations in the applicability of these tools using family visits to the London Zoo as a case study. We conclude with a discussion of the wider opportunities afforded by the introduction of smartphones and related technologies and outline the steps toward establishing them as a standard tool for visitor studies