Effects of Prolonged High Phosphorus Diet on Phosphorus and Calcium Balance in Rats

The amount of phosphorus contained in food as food additives is currently increasing and a high intake of phosphorus can cause various diseases. To determine the effects of a prolonged high phosphorus diet, here we investigated the phosphorus and calcium balance and expression of type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (Npt IIa) in mature rats. Wistar male rats (8-weeks old) were divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0.6% calcium plus 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 or 1.5% phosphorus for 4 weeks. Urinary and fecal phosphorus excretions were significantly increased by the high phosphorus diets (from 0.6 to 1.5%), dependent on the amount of dietary phosphorus. The net absorption of intestinal phosphorus was also significantly increased by high phosphorus diets. As a result, a negative phosphorus balance was observed in rats given the 1.2% or 1.5% phosphorus diets. Serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were increased by high phosphorus diets. In addition, high phosphorus diets decreased the expression of Npt IIa mRNA and protein in the renal brush border membrane. Taken together, these results suggest that diets containing 1.2 or 1.5% phosphorus plus 0.6% calcium have potentially adverse effects on phosphorus homeostasis in mature rat

Stress relaxation arrested the mainshock rupture of the 2016 Central Tottori earthquake

地震の破壊はなぜ止まるのか? --2016年鳥取県中部地震の断層サイズを決めたもの--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-08-12.After a large earthquake, many small earthquakes, called aftershocks, ensue. Additional large earthquakes typically do not occur, despite the fact that the large static stress near the edges of the fault is expected to trigger further large earthquakes at these locations. Here we analyse ~10, 000 highly accurate focal mechanism solutions of aftershocks of the 2016 Mw 6.2 Central Tottori earthquake in Japan. We determine the location of the horizontal edges of the mainshock fault relative to the aftershock hypocentres, with an accuracy of approximately 200 m. We find that aftershocks rarely occur near the horizontal edges and extensions of the fault. We propose that the mainshock rupture was arrested within areas characterised by substantial stress relaxation prior to the main earthquake. This stress relaxation along fault edges could explain why mainshocks are rarely followed by further large earthquakes

トラマメとウズラマメのα-アミラーゼインヒビターの精製と性質

α-Amylase inhibitors were purified from Tora bean and Uzura bean by water extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200HR gel filtration and referred to as TAI and UAI, respectively. Isoelectric points of TAI and UAI were 4.6 and 4.54. The carbohydrate content was determined to be about 15% for both inhibitors by the phenol sulfuric acid method. TAI and UAI had the same molecular weight of about 45,000 and showed extremely similar amino acid compositions to each other. Subunit components of TAI and UAI were detected by SDS-PAGE and each inhibitor was found to be composed of at least four kinds of subunit with molecular weights between 14,000 and 20,000. TAI and UAI also showed almost the same heat stability and inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase. These results suggest that α-amylase inhibitors, TAI and UAI were the same protein

1歳6ヵ月児の父親の労働時間・育児参加時間からみた母親の育児幸福感

母親の肯定的な感情を支持する支援のための基礎資料を得ることをねらいに,1歳6ヵ月児の父親の労働時間・育児参加時間からみた母親の育児幸福感を明らかにすることを目的とした.対象は1歳6ヵ月児健診を受診した母親である.健診時に,説明と同意のうえ,母親の育児幸福感(清水ら,2006)と父親の労働時間・育児参加時間に関するアンケートを配布し,郵送法で回収した.全122人に配布し,59件の有効回答を得た.分析は単純集計の後,両親・子ども・父親の労働時間などの各変数ごとに母親の育児幸福感尺度の平均点を算出した.その結果,父親の帰宅時間は20～21時が42.4%であった.父親の過の労働時間は平均59.2±15.0時間であり,50時間以下が33.9%であった.父親の育児参加時間は,平日は1～2時間が40.7%と多く,ほとんどなしが全体の4分の1を占め,休日は半日ぐらいが55.9%と多かった.父親に子どもを任せて母親が外出できる時間は,ほとんどなしが54.2%であった.両親・子ども・家族の特性別及び父親の労働時間・帰宅時間・育児参加時間別にみた母親の育児幸福感得点に有意な差はみられなかった.父親に任せて母親が1人で外出できる時間において,「ほとんどなし」または「半日以上」の場合に母親の育児幸福感は高く,「1～2時間」の場合に育児幸福感は低く,有意な差がみられた.The present study was conducted in order to clarify correlations between child care happiness of mothers whose children was 1 year and 6 months old and fathers\u27 working and child care hours. Questionnaires were handed to 122 mothers who came to health check at the health center of A city. Analysis was performed on valid responses obtained from 59 individuals. From the analysis of correlations between child care happiness of mothers and fathers\u27 working and child care hours, the following results were obtained. Forty two percent of fathers return to home at 20 ～ 21 o\u27clock. Mean of working hours of fathers were 59.2±15.0. Forty percent of fathers spend on 1～2 hours for child care on weekday, and 55.9% spend with children on half of day on weekend. There were no correlations between characteristic of parents, working and child care hours of fathers and child care happiness of mothers. Child care happiness of Mothers who could not go out and who could go out among half of day were higher than who could go out about 1～2 hours

A plastidial sodium-dependent pyruvate transporter (vol 476, pg 472, 2011)

Furumoto T, Yamaguchi T, Ohshima-Ichie Y, et al. A plastidial sodium-dependent pyruvate transporter (vol 476, pg 472, 2011). Nature. 2011;478(7368):274