Temporal increase in muscle cross-sectional area as an acute effect of resistance exercise in resistance-trained and untrained individuals

The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal increase in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) as the acute response of resistance exercise (RE) between resistance-trained and untrained groups, and investigate the factors that affect the muscle CSA. Resistance-trained (n = 14) and untrained (n = 14) subjects performed four kinds of triceps brachii RE. Muscle CSA and intracellular hydration (IH), were measured prior to and 5-, 30-, and 60-minute after RE. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to clarify the relationships among percent increases in muscle CSA and IH, area under the Oyx-Hb curve, blood lactate concentration, and % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)-root-mean-square (RMS) of electromyogram (EMG). At 5-minute after RE, muscle CSA increased significantly to 120.2 ± 6.3% in the resistance-trained group and 105.5 ± 2.3% in the untrained group (p < 0.01). However, neither group showed a significant difference between the values before and 30-minute after RE. In the resistance-trained group, there was a significant increase in IH at 5-minute post-RH (p < 0.01), and correlations were found between percent increases in muscle CSA and IH (r = 0.70, p < 0.01), area under the Oxy-Hb curve (r = 0.77, p < 0.01), and % MVC-RMS of EMG (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that measurements of muscle CSA in studies of muscle hypertrophy should be performed 30-minute or more after the last resistance exercise session, and muscle pump exercises should be conducted just before participation in bodybuilding, and physique contests

Research Activities in the Department of Physical Therapy

[Introduction] It is already fifty years since the Japanese law of physical therapists and occupational therapists has been effective. The physical therapist is referred by the law as "the professionals who implements the physical therapy to persons with disabilities under the prescription of medical doctors". In fifty years, however, the target of physical therapy has been significantly expanded. The subject for physical therapy now includes the patients in acute disease just after the surgical operation in addition to those in rehabilitation stage. In other words, the physical therapy is now recognized as the indispensable intervention to the subject with acute as well as chronic disorders. On the other hand, due to a rapid transition of the society into the aged society, prevention of diseases, and decline of activity capacity due to the aging have become major issues for the physical therapy

Research Promotion in Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Medical Engineering - Appeal and Recommendation to the Colleague -

[Summary] Despite of the severe situations of insufficient money, labor, time, and communication, we want to promote the research activity in our university to the level of major institutions. The first step we propose is to acquire the external research grants from public resources. The specific proposal is described in grant application to increase the probability of successful adoption of the grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Japan

シセイ ガ セキ ノ サイダイ リュウリョウ (Cough Peak Flow) ト コキキン カツドウ ニ アタエル エイキョウ

【目的】姿勢が咳の最大流量(CPF)や咳嗽時呼気筋活動, 呼吸筋力や肺活量にどのような影響を与えるのかを調査することを目的とした. 【方法】健常成人男性17名を対象に背臥位, ベッドアップ45度, 端座位の3姿勢でCPF, 呼吸筋力, 肺活量を計測し, CPF測定時のみ呼気筋(外腹斜筋, 腹直筋)の活動を記録した. 筋活動の評価は, 事前に最大随意収縮時の筋積分値(最大iEMG)を求め, 咳嗽時筋活動を最大iEMGに対する百分率(%iEMG)として評価した. 【結果】CPF, 肺活量, 外腹斜筋の%iEMGは端座位が最も高く, 次いで45度座位, 背臥位の順であり, 端座位と他の姿勢との間には全て有意差を認めた(P<0.05). 腹直筋の%iEMGは姿勢による変化を認めなかった. 【考察】CPFを始め, ほとんどの項目で端座位が最も高く, 背臥位で最低値となり, 姿勢の影響を受けることが明らかになった. 効果的な咳嗽を行なうには背臥位よりも, できるかぎり端座位に近い姿勢で行なうことが望ましいと考えられた.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of posture on cough peak flow (CPF), electromyographic (EMG) activity of the abdominal muscles (external abdominal oblique muscles, EO; rectus abdominis muscles, RA), respiratory muscle strength (maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressure, PEmax and PImax), and vital capacity (VC). Methods: Seventeen normal adult men participated in this study. We measured the CPF, EMG activities of the EO and RA during coughing, PEmax, PEmax, and VC in the following 3 postures: supine, 45 degrees head-up, and sitting. The raw EMG data were rectified, and the integrated EMG data were normalized relative to the values obtained during maximum voluntary contractions (%iEMG). Results: CPF, %iEMG of the EO, PImax, PEmax, and VC were higher in the sitting position than in any of the other positions. The %iEMG of the RA did not change with posture. Conclusion: These results suggest that CPF, %iEMG of the EO, PImax, PEmax, and VC are affected by the posture, and that it is preferable to adopt a more head-up position for effective coughing

Two Periodic Activities of Microearthquakes near Kumamoto, Southwestern Japan : Results of a Temporary Observation in November 1978

A tripartite microseismic network was installed near Kumamoto in Kyushu, southwestern Japan, during the period of November 15-19, 1978. Seismic activity was low underneath Kumamoto City in comparison with the surrounding areas. The distribution of epicenters was diffuse and did not appear to correlate with any of the known major faults in the area. During the period of observation, an M=1.3 earthquake and its aftershocks were observed under the Shimabara Bay, and a periodic earthquake swarm (the largest M=1.5) occurred near Ueki. The main shock and recorded aftershocks (except one out of four) of the Shimabara Bay earthquake occurred at high tide in the Bay. P wave first motions suggested a possible normal faulting. Consequently these shocks may have been triggered by an increase in earthquake-generating stress caused by tidal loading. The activity associated with the Ueki swarm occurred in cycles of about 20 hours. The activity in each cycle was characterized by the occurrence of minor shocks in the early stage, increase in magnitude in the successive stage, and finally the largest shock which was followed by a quiescent period of about 12 hours.1978年11月15-19日,熊本付近で微小地震の3点観測を行なった.熊本市街直下の地震や,周辺の顕著な活断層系に直接対応するような地震は,この期間には観測されなかった.しかし,島原湾で起きたM=1.3の地震と,植木付近で起きた群発的活動(最大のM=1.5)は,興味深い活動であった.島原湾の地震の本震と余震(4回のうち1回を除く)は,島原湾の満潮時に発生した.P波初動を調べると,正断層型のメカニズム解をもつ可能性がある.もしそうなら,海水の荷重のために満潮時に起震応力が増大し,この作用によって地震が誘発されたと考えられるかもしれない.一方,植木付近の活動は,およそ20時間前後の周期性が見られた.各サイクルの活動は特徴的で,まずごく小さな地震が起こり始め,マグニチュードがしだいに大きくなり,各サイクルの中の最大の地震が起きたあとは,約12時間ほどの静穏期にはいるという経過を3回くり返した

The data of the study related to physical activity and intestinal microbiota

These data are about our study related to physical activity and intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to examine the effects of daily physical activity on intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations in healthy young adults.</p