クマモト ジシン ニオケル サイガイ カンレン シ ニンテイ ノ シチョウソン ニヨル チガイ

熊本地震の特徴として，災害関連死に認定された人数の多さと，発災から認定されるまでの期間の長さ（認定される時点の遅さ）が挙げられる．本稿は，熊本地震における災害関連死認定の市町村による違いがあるかを明らかにするために，関連死が認定されるタイミングに着目し，生存分析の枠組みを適用した．その結果，熊本市は他の市町村と比べて統計的に有意に早く関連死を認定していることがわかった．また益城町は遅めであった．さらに証拠はやや劣るが，大津町は早め，宇城市は遅めといった傾向も見られた．分析上の細かな設定を多少変えてみても，以上の結論は大筋変わらず，頑健である．ここから，データ分析が難しい関連死認定の他の側面（例えば，人数の多寡，認定基準，審査委員の傾向など）についても，市町村による違いがあったのではないだろうか，ということが示唆される

An electronic nose using a single graphene FET and machine learning for water, methanol, and ethanol.

The poor gas selectivity problem has been a long-standing issue for miniaturized chemical-resistor gas sensors. The electronic nose (e-nose) was proposed in the 1980s to tackle the selectivity issue, but it required top-down chemical functionalization processes to deposit multiple functional materials. Here, we report a novel gas-sensing scheme using a single graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) and machine learning to realize gas selectivity under particular conditions by combining the unique properties of the GFET and e-nose concept. Instead of using multiple functional materials, the gas-sensing conductivity profiles of a GFET are recorded and decoupled into four distinctive physical properties and projected onto a feature space as 4D output vectors and classified to differentiated target gases by using machine-learning analyses. Our single-GFET approach coupled with trained pattern recognition algorithms was able to classify water, methanol, and ethanol vapors with high accuracy quantitatively when they were tested individually. Furthermore, the gas-sensing patterns of methanol were qualitatively distinguished from those of water vapor in a binary mixture condition, suggesting that the proposed scheme is capable of differentiating a gas from the realistic scenario of an ambient environment with background humidity. As such, this work offers a new class of gas-sensing schemes using a single GFET without multiple functional materials toward miniaturized e-noses

Physiological functions of the effects of the different bathing method on recovery from local muscle fatigue

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recently, mist saunas have been used in the home as a new bathing style in Japan. However, there are still few reports on the effects of bathing methods on recovery from muscle fatigue. Furthermore, the effect of mist sauna bathing on human physiological function has not yet been revealed. Therefore, we measured the physiological effects of bathing methods including the mist sauna on recovery from muscle fatigue.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The bathing methods studied included four conditions: full immersion bath, shower, mist sauna, and no bathing as a control. Ten men participated in this study. The participants completed four consecutive sessions: a 30-min rest period, a 10-min all out elbow flexion task period, a 10-min bathing period, and a 10-min recovery period. We evaluated the mean power frequency (MNF) of the electromyogram (EMG), rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), skin blood flow (SBF), concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), and subjective evaluation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that the MNF under the full immersion bath condition was significantly higher than those under the other conditions. Furthermore, Tre, SBF, and O2Hb under the full immersion bath condition were significantly higher than under the other conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Following the results for the full immersion bath condition, the SBF and O2Hb of the mist sauna condition were significantly higher than those for the shower and no bathing conditions. These results suggest that full immersion bath and mist sauna are effective in facilitating recovery from muscle fatigue.</p

Optimising first- and second-line treatment strategies for untreated major depressive disorder — the SUN☺D study: a pragmatic, multi-centre, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial

Abstract Background For patients starting treatment for depression, current guidelines recommend titrating the antidepressant dosage to the maximum of the licenced range if tolerated. When patients do not achieve remission within several weeks, recommendations include adding or switching to another antidepressant. However, the relative merits of these guideline strategies remain unestablished. Methods This multi-centre, open-label, assessor-blinded, pragmatic trial involved two steps. Step 1 used open-cluster randomisation, allocating clinics into those titrating sertraline up to 50 mg/day or 100 mg/day by week 3. Step 2 used central randomisation to allocate patients who did not remit after 3 weeks of treatment to continue sertraline, to add mirtazapine or to switch to mirtazapine. The primary outcome was depression severity measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (scores between 0 and 27; higher scores, greater depression) at week 9. We applied mixed-model repeated-measures analysis adjusted for key baseline covariates. Results Between December 2010 and March 2015, we recruited 2011 participants with hitherto untreated major depression at 48 clinics in Japan. In step 1, 970 participants were allocated to the 50 mg/day and 1041 to the 100 mg/day arms; 1927 (95.8%) provided primary outcomes. There was no statistically significant difference in the adjusted PHQ-9 score at week 9 between the 50 mg/day arm and the 100 mg/day arm (0.25 point, 95% confidence interval (CI), − 0.58 to 1.07, P = 0.55). Other outcomes proved similar in the two groups. In step 2, 1646 participants not remitted by week 3 were randomised to continue sertraline (n = 551), to add mirtazapine (n = 537) or to switch to mirtazapine (n = 558): 1613 (98.0%) provided primary outcomes. At week 9, adding mirtazapine achieved a reduction in PHQ-9 scores of 0.99 point (0.43 to 1.55, P = 0.0012); switching achieved a reduction of 1.01 points (0.46 to 1.56, P = 0.0012), both relative to continuing sertraline. Combination increased the percentage of remission by 12.4% (6.1 to 19.0%) and switching by 8.4% (2.5 to 14.8%). There were no differences in adverse effects. Conclusions In patients with new onset depression, we found no advantage of titrating sertraline to 100 mg vs 50 mg. Patients unremitted by week 3 gained a small benefit in reduction of depressive symptoms at week 9 by switching sertraline to mirtazapine or by adding mirtazapine. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01109693. Registered on 23 April 2010

Additional file 3: of Optimising first- and second-line treatment strategies for untreated major depressive disorder — the SUN☺D study: a pragmatic, multi-centre, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial

SUN☺D Investigators and committee members. (DOCX 17 kb