Development Of An Industrial High Temperature Heat Pump With Twin Screw Compressor

In industrial applications, 90-150? hot water needed during production processes is traditionally provided by fuel-fired boilers. The usage of fuel-fired boiler has a low efficiency of energy use and potential danger of explosion. 30-60?waste water with large amount of energy is rejected to environment directly, which causes a great energy loss and thermal pollution. Seeking for a much high efficiency and safe heating pattern is essential to replace the boilers used now. High temperature heat pump is an ideal solution to recover the heat in waste water and to produce hot water needed. It has a higher efficiency than boilers through the use of energy contained in waste water. Water temperature provided by high temperature heat pump reached to 90-120?. In this paper, an industrial high temperature heat pump with twin screw compressor was developed. Optimized heat pump cycle was made and heat exchangers were designed for using in specific workplace. For operating at high condensation and evaporation temperature safely, the twin screw compressor used in high temperature heat pump should be modified, like the changes of inner volume ratio and motor capacity. Discharge temperature was regulated by liquid injection and oil cooling system. Moreover, extensive experimental tests were carried out under several working scenarios and the results showed high temperature heat pump can fully meet the requirement in industrial field to supply 90-120? hot water with excellent system performance

Hybrid MMC based multi-terminal DC/DC converter with minimized FBSMs ratio considering DC fault isolation

An isolated high-power multi-terminal DC/DC converter is studied in this paper, based on hybrid MMC configuration consisting of full-bridge submodules (FBSMs) and half-bridge submodules (HBSMs). To decrease the investment and power losses, a reduced arm FBSMs ratio (less than 0.5) scheme is adopted. A detailed analysis on the relationship of the DC/DC converter inner AC voltage and the arm FBSMs ratio under reduced DC voltage is presented. Based on this, a control strategy during DC fault is proposed which continues operating the converter connected to the faulty DC side with reactive current absorption. Under the same arm FBSMs ratio, compared to the conventional strategy of blocking the faulty side converter during a DC fault, the proposed unblocking method with reactive current injection can not only achieve greater DC fault current declining rate, but also ensure maximum power transfer between the interconnected healthy DC grids by maintaining a higher inner AC voltage in the DC/DC converter. The two strategies are compared and validated by simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC under different arm FBSMs ratio

Submodule configuration of HVDC-DC auto transformer considering DC fault

This paper studies the submodule configuration of MMC based non-isolated HVDC-DC autotransformer (HVDC-AT) with DC fault blocking capability, including two-terminal and multi-terminal topologies. The operation principle of the HVDC-AT is described. Considering the arm current differences, the total number of required semiconductors for the HVDC-AT is derived and is compared with the MMC based isolated front-to-front (F2F) DC transformer. A full operation process for the multi-terminal HVDC-AT considering DC fault is then presented, including normal operation, fault isolation and continuous operation of healthy converters after fault. The submodule configuration and fault recovery of the multi-terminal HVDC-AT are validated by simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC

Study on New Thermal Insulation Construction of Thermal Recovery Boiler

AbstractThis paper analyzed existing problems of thermal insulation construction of thermal recovery boiler, and studied and designed a new thermal insulation construction of thermal recovery boiler. We carried out thermal insulation transformation for transition section of boiler, and tested the thermal insulation effect of it. According to the test data, we obtain thermal conductivity of thermal insulation construction of transition section of boiler with and without transformation. Contrast analysis shows that thermal insulation effect of new thermal insulation construction of thermal recovery boiler using fibre spray technology is better than common thermal insulation construction.It can be applied widely

Human body burden of persistent organic pollutants in breast milk in China

Human breast milk is recommended by World Health Organization as an ideal matrix for conducting human biological monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). And it is the main matrix to evaluate the efficacy of performing Stockholm Convention. In order to assess the human body burden of POPs and performance evaluation, national monitoring program of breast milk has begun since 2007. Various POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were determined in human breast milk samples. We obtained representative data of levels of main POPs in human breast milk from the general population in China as well as their spatial-temporal distribution, which provided a strong support for the performance evaluation of Stockholm Convention in China

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and livestock in the mainland of China : a systematic review and hierarchical meta-analysis

Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women may result in abortion, stillbirth, or lifelong disabilities of the unborn child. One of the main transmission routes to humans is consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing T. gondii tissue cysts. We aim to determine and compare the regional distribution of T. gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women and meat-producing livestock in China through a systematic literature review. A total of 272 eligible publications were identified from Medline, Scopus, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Apparent and true seroprevalence were analysed by region using a novel Bayesian hierarchical model that allowed incorporating sensitivity and specificity of the applied serological assays. The true seroprevalence of T. gondii in pregnant women was 5.0% or less in seven regions of China. The median of the regional true seroprevalences in pigs (24%) was significantly higher than in cattle (9.5%), but it was not significantly higher than in chickens (20%) and small ruminants (20%). This study represents the first use of a Bayesian hierarchical model to obtain regional true seroprevalence. These results, in combination with meat consumption data, can be used to better understand the contribution of meat-producing animals to human T. gondii infection in China

Presence of VIM-positive pseudomonas species in chickens and their surrounding environment

Metallo-β-lactamase gene blaVIM was identified on the chromosome of four Pseudomonas sp. isolates from a chicken farm, including one Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from a swallow (Yanornis martini), one Pseudomonas putida isolate from a fly, and two P. putida isolates from chickens. The four isolates shared two variants of blaVIM-carrying genomic contexts that resemble the corresponding regions of clinical metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas spp. Our study suggests that the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in livestock and their surrounding environment is urgently needed

Key technologies for medium and low voltage DC distribution system

Development of the medium and low voltage DC distribution system is of great significance to a regional transmission of electric energy, increasing a penetration rate of new energy, and enhancing a safety of the operation of the AC/DC interconnected grid. This paper first summarizes the medium and low voltage DC distribution system schemes and plans put forward by many countries, and then elaborate status of under-construction medium and low voltage DC distribution system project cases in China. Based on these project cases, this paper analyzes key issues involved in the medium and low voltage DC distribution system topologies, equipment, operation control technologies and DC fault protections, in order to provide theoretical and technical reference for future medium and low voltage DC distribution system-related projects. Finally, this paper combines a current China research status to summarize and give a prediction about the future research direction of medium and low voltage DC distribution system, which can provide reference for the research of medium and low voltage DC distribution system

Short-term wind power prediction based on extreme learning machine with error correction

Introduction: Large-scale integration of wind generation brings great challenges to the secure operation of the power systems due to the intermittence nature of wind. The fluctuation of the wind generation has a great impact on the unit commitment. Thus accurate wind power forecasting plays a key role in dealing with the challenges of power system operation under uncertainties in an economical and technical way. Methods: In this paper, a combined approach based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and an error correction model is proposed to predict wind power in the short-term time scale. Firstly an ELM is utilized to forecast the short-term wind power. Then the ultra-short-term wind power forecasting is acquired based on processing the short-term forecasting error by persistence method. Results: For short-term forecasting, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) doesn’t perform well. The overall NRMSE (Normalized Root Mean Square Error) of forecasting results for 66 days is 21.09 %. For the ultra-short term forecasting after error correction, most of forecasting errors lie in the interval of [−10 MW, 10 MW]. The error distribution is concentrated and almost unbiased. The overall NRMSE is 5.76 %. Conclusion: The ultra-short-term wind power forecasting accuracy is further improved by using error correction in terms of normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE)