Ocean front migration over the Conrad Rise in the Indian Sector of the Southern ocean since the last glacial maximum

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「海・陸・氷床から探る後期新生代の南極寒冷圏環境変動」11月26日（月） 国立国語研究所 ２階講

Performance of new Kuraray wavelength-shifting fibers with short decay time

We measure the decay time and the attenuation length of newly developed wavelength-shifting fibers, YS series from Kuraray, which have fast response. Using a 405 nm laser, the decay times of the YS-2, 4, and 6 are measured to be $3.70 \pm 0.04$ ns, $2.06 \pm 0.03$ ns, and $1.50 \pm 0.02$ ns, respectively. The decay time of Y-11 is measured to be $7.16 \pm 0.09$ ns using the same system. All fibers are found to have similar attenuation lengths of more than 4 meters. When combined with the plastic scintillators EJ-200 and EJ-204, the YS series have better time resolution than Y-11, with light yields of 60-100% of Y-11.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Northward shift of oceanic front systems in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第31回極域地学シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 国立国語研究

Structure of 136Sn and the Z = 50 magicity

The first 2+ excited state in the neutron-rich tin isotope 136Sn has been identified at 682(13) keV by measuring γ -rays in coincidence with the one proton removal channel from 137Sb. This value is higher than those known for heavier even-even N = 86 isotones, indicating the Z = 50 shell closure. It compares well to the first 2+ excited state of the lighter tin isotope 134Sn, which may suggest that the seniority scheme also holds for 136Sn. Our result confirms the trend of lower 2+ excitation energies of even-even tin isotopes beyond N = 82 compared to the known values in between the two doubly magic nuclei 100Sn and 132Sn. © The Author(s) 2014.published_or_final_versio

Glacial-interglacial variations in paleoproductivity in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第31回極域地学シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 国立国語研究所　2階フロ

Preparation for deep sea drilling proposal in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean: Conrad Rise and off Enderby Land

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第31回極域地学シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 国立国語研究所　2階フロ

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Additional Value of [18F]FDG PET or PET/CT for Response Assessment of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Undergoing Molecular Targeted Therapy: A Meta-Analysis

To assess the additional value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT over conventional morphological imaging techniques in the treatment response assessment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) to molecular targeted therapy (MTT), we performed a meta-analysis of all the available studies to compare the predictive value of [18F]FDG PET or PET/CT and conventional imaging techniques for assessing the response to MTT in GIST. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, we calculated the positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) and made summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) using hierarchical regression models. Pooled analysis included 4 studies comprising 88 patients. The performance characteristics in [18F]FDG PET or PET/CT and CT were as follows: sensitivity, 89% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78, 95), 52% (39, 64); specificity, 65% (44, 83), 92% (75, 99); diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), 5.8 (2.0, 16.8 4.9 (1.5, 16.1); positive LR, 1.9 (1.1, 3.4), 3.0 (1.1, 8.1); and negative LR, 0.23 (0.03, 1.6), 0.66 (0.42, 1.0), respectively. In SROC curves, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81 (SE, 0.11) and 0.71 (SE, 0.13) and the Q* index was 0.74 and 0.66, respectively. [18F]FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity, while DOR and SROC curves showed better diagnostic performance in [18F]FDG PET and PET/CT studies as compared to CT

Enhancement of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET Image Quality by Deep-Learning-Based Image Reconstruction Using Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine in Semiconductor-Based PET/CT Scanners

Deep learning (DL) image quality improvement has been studied for application to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). It is unclear, however, whether DL can increase the quality of images obtained with semiconductor-based PET/CT scanners. This study aimed to compare the quality of semiconductor-based PET/CT scanner images obtained by DL-based technology and conventional OSEM image with Gaussian postfilter. For DL-based data processing implementation, we used Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE, Canon Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan) and for OSEM images, Gaussian postfilter of 3 mm FWHM is used. Thirty patients who underwent semiconductor-based PET/CT scanner imaging between May 6, 2021, and May 19, 2021, were enrolled. We compared AiCE images and OSEM images and scored them for delineation, image noise, and overall image quality. We also measured standardized uptake values (SUVs) in tumors and healthy tissues and compared them between AiCE and OSEM. AiCE images scored significantly higher than OSEM images for delineation, image noise, and overall image quality. The Fleiss kappa value for the interobserver agreement was 0.57. Among the 21 SUV measurements in healthy organs, 11 (52.4%) measurements were significantly different between AiCE and OSEM images. More pathological lesions were detected in AiCE images as compared with OSEM images, with AiCE images showing higher SUVs for pathological lesions than OSEM images. AiCE can improve the quality of images acquired with semiconductor-based PET/CT scanners, including the noise level, contrast, and tumor detection capability