Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors Can Determine the Thermal History of the Early Universe

It is shown that space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as DECIGO and/or the Big Bang Observer will provide us with invaluable information on the cosmic thermal history after inflation, and they will be able to determine the reheat temperature TR provided that it lies in the range preferred by the cosmological gravitino problem, TR ~ 105-9 GeV. Therefore it is strongly desired that they will be put into practice as soon as possible

Neutralino Dark Matter from Heavy Gravitino Decay

We propose a new scenario of non-thermal production of neutralino cold dark matter, in which the overproduction problem of lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs) in the standard thermal history is naturally solved. The mechanism requires a heavy modulus field which decays mainly to ordinary particles releasing large entropy to dilute gravitinos produced just after inflation and thermal relics of LSPs. Significant amount of gravitinos are also pair-produced at the decay, which subsequently decay into the neutralinos. We identify the regions of the parameter space in which the requisite abundance of the neutralino dark matter is obtained without spoiling the big-bang nucleosynthesis by injection of hadronic showers from gravitino decay. The neutralino abundance obtained in this mechanism is insensitive to the details of the superparticle mass spectrum, unlike the standard thermal abundance. We also briefly mention the testability of the scenario in future experiments.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Space laser interferometers can determine the thermal history of the early Universe

It is shown that space-based gravitational wave detectors such as DECIGO and/or Big Bang Observer (BBO) will provide us with invaluable information on the cosmic thermal history after inflation and they will be able to determine the reheat temperature $T_R$ provided that it lies in the range preferred by the cosmological gravitino problem, $T_R\sim 10^{5-9}$ GeV. Therefore it is strongly desired that they will be put into practice as soon as possible.Comment: 5 page

<ORIGINAL ARTICLE>Long-term follow-up of combined maxillary protraction appliance and chincap treatment

著しい骨格性反対咬合症例の治療において,我々は上顎前方牽引装置とchin capの併用により,顎関係の改善を行うことを含めた長期的管理を行っている。今回我々は骨格性反対咬合と診断され,治療を行った女子3症例の長期的観察を通し検討,考察を行った。これらの症例において,第一段階では上顎前方牽引装置とchin capにより顎関係を改善した。上顎前方牽引装置除去後,上顎は成長期間中位置変化を殆ど示さなかった。その間,下顎は予測よりも大きな成長を示した。咬合関係はすべての症例において成人期まで維持されていた。しかしこれらの症例は思春期成長の後も,下顎の前方成長により,わずかな後戻引頃向を示した。以上のことから,後戻りを予防するために反対咬合の治療においてはオーバーコレクションと第一段階後の下顎の成長のコントロールが必要であると考えられた。In an attempt to distinguish between long-term treatment effects and growth change, the present study evaluates the real post-treatment changes following maxillary protraction treatment after correction for the orthopedic effects which three female patients were investigated. Our proposed treatment plan for skeletal Class III patients consists of 3 stages. In the firststage, a maxillary protraction appliance and a chincap are used together to correct the intermaxillary relationship. After removal of the maxillary protraction appliance, the maxilla remains relatively stable during the growth stage. However, the mandible tends to experience overgrowth, which results in a relapse. The occlusal relationship was maintained until the adultstage in all cases. However, they experienced slight relapse, manifested by mandibular forward growth following removal of the maxillary protraction appliance. Therefore, overcorrection of reversed occlusion and control of mandibular growth after the first stage must be performed in order to prevent relapse

Hemostatic Control with Gelatin Sponge and Quantum Molecular Resonance Coagulation in a Case of Glomus Tympanicum

Surgical removal of tumor is the primary treatment of choice for glomus tympanicum (GT). However, because the tumor has abundant blood flow, bleeding control is crucial, and preoperative embolization may be performed. Here, we report the case of a 46-year-old female who visited our hospital with a complaint of right pulsatile tinnitus. A red pulsatile mass was found in the right tympanic cavity, and she was diagnosed with class B1 GT and subsequently underwent surgical treatment. We judged that bleeding could be controlled by intratympanic cavity manipulation alone and decided to perform transmeatal tumor resection without preoperative arterial embolization. After creating a tympanomeatal flap and performing an atticotomy, some pieces of Spongel® were inserted between the tumor and the tympanic wall. The Spongel® absorbed the blood and created a space between the tumor and tympanic wall, which allowed for the insertion of the tip of the Vesalius® handpiece to coagulate the tumor. The coagulation caused the tumor to shrink, thereby widening the space and allowing for further resection. Although the surgical manipulation caused bleeding, complete resection was achieved by the application of Spongel® and coagulation with Vesalius®. Since the tip of the Vesalius® was not burned, hemostasis was successfully achieved, and the operation proceeded while maintaining a clear field of view. There was little bleeding and no postoperative complications. The patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day. One year after surgery, pure tone audiometry showed no change in the level of bone conduction. Spongel® and Vesalius® are useful tools that allow to safely perform surgeries even in narrow spaces such as the tympanic cavity

Practice of Excel in the Classroom of Operations Research at Japanese Local Universities

In this article, we report practices of operations research subject which are given in Japanese local universities. The subjects are two. Portfolio optimization and the analytic hierarchy process.They both maintain prominence in Japan because of the academic and educationl activities of Professors Konno and Tone. We will see hereafter the compatibility with Microsoft Excel, the most popular spreadsheet application, and add-in tool Solver