Comment on ``Consistency, amplitudes and probabilities in quantum theory'' by A. Caticha

A carefully written paper by A. Caticha [Phys. Rev. A57, 1572 (1998)] applies consistency arguments to derive the quantum mechanical rules for compounding probability amplitudes in much the same way as earlier work by the present author [J. Math. Phys. 29, 398 (1988) and Int. J. Theor. Phys. 27, 543 (1998)]. These works are examined together to find the minimal assumptions needed to obtain the most general results

WEBSITE NETWORK AUTOMATION DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION IN RT RW NET SENDEN DUSUN MAGELANG WITH DJANGO FRAMEWORK

RT RW NET is part of the Internet facilities owned by the hamlet of Senden Magelang, whose purpose is to provide cheap Internet facilities.However, behind the existing facilities several problems emerged, based on a statement from the hamlet of sending that the problem that arose was the configuration process for adding new users, which took a long time due to manual configuration in each RT (Rukun Tetangga) and RW (Rukun Warga) alley.  Therefore, in this study, a website-based network automation application was created using the Django framework and developed using the Waterfall method, thus providing easy access and fast configuration when configuring new users. After designing the network automation website, the website will be operated by the network administrator, who hopes to simplify and shorten the time for new user configurations

Aplikasi Media Sosial Untuk Para Penggemar Cullinary Berbasis Android

Along with the very fast growth of social media, more users use it to share photos/videos about food. Many people use it to store food pictures and recommend the food they like therefore it will make other people want to try it. The high demand of culinary information brings an opportunity for culinary business owner to promote their business through social media. This application can help users and business owners to obtain complete culinary information through photos/videos, address, contacts, menus and trending foods so that it will be easier for them to conduct transactions. The application will also help the user to go to a culinary place they want. This application was built using phonegap on android operating system which is known for easy USAge and the most used operating system in the world. The test results show that 73,3% respondents think that this application is really helpful because of it's high USAge and the feature that helps owners to promote and conduct transactions

PELAYANAN HOLISTIK ORANG TUA KRISTEN: SEBUAH UPAYA MENCEGAH DAMPAK NEGATIF MEDIA SOSIAL PADA ANAK USIA DINI

Kehadiran media sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat sangat memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan. Terutama dalam membantu masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan yang dikerjakan. Namun, di sisi lain media sosial ini memberikan dampak negatif yang dapat merusak peradaban manusia dengan hadirnya berbagai konten-konten yang tidak sepatutnya. Permasalahan yang harus diantisipasi adalah bagaimana dengan anak usia dini yang sudah diajarin menggunakan gadget yang didalamnya terdapat fitur-fitur yang merangsang stimulasi perkembangan anak. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan artikel adalah memberikan wacana pengetahuan kepada pembaca, akademis, dan praktisi untuk memaparkan pentingnya pelayanan holistik dalam mencegah pengaruh negatif media sosial pada anak usia dini yang merujuk pada penjelasan bagaimana peran orang tua. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui buku, artikel jurnal, dan situs website sebagai referensi dalam pengumpulan data. Adapun hasil kajian ini adalah orang tua sebagai peletak dasar dalam membangun kesadaran anak supaya kepolosan anak dapat diisi dengan pengetahuan dan penanaman akan karakter rohani baginya yang dapat ditempuh melalui pelayanan holistik orang tua dalam menunjang perkembangan anak, dan terutama dalam mencegah dampak negatif media sosial yang semakin merambat

Onset of human preterm and term birth is related to unique inflammatory transcriptome profiles at the maternal fetal interface.

BackgroundPreterm birth is a main determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and a major contributor to the overall mortality and burden of disease. However, research of the preterm birth is hindered by the imprecise definition of the clinical phenotype and complexity of the molecular phenotype due to multiple pregnancy tissue types and molecular processes that may contribute to the preterm birth. Here we comprehensively evaluate the mRNA transcriptome that characterizes preterm and term labor in tissues comprising the pregnancy using precisely phenotyped samples. The four complementary phenotypes together provide comprehensive insight into preterm and term parturition.MethodsSamples of maternal blood, chorion, amnion, placenta, decidua, fetal blood, and myometrium from the uterine fundus and lower segment (n = 183) were obtained during cesarean delivery from women with four complementary phenotypes: delivering preterm with (PL) and without labor (PNL), term with (TL) and without labor (TNL). Enrolled were 35 pregnant women with four precisely and prospectively defined phenotypes: PL (n = 8), PNL (n = 10), TL (n = 7) and TNL (n = 10). Gene expression data were analyzed using shrunken centroid analysis to identify a minimal set of genes that uniquely characterizes each of the four phenotypes. Expression profiles of 73 genes and non-coding RNA sequences uniquely identified each of the four phenotypes. The shrunken centroid analysis and 10 times 10-fold cross-validation was also used to minimize false positive finings and overfitting. Identified were the pathways and molecular processes associated with and the cis-regulatory elements in gene's 5' promoter or 3'-UTR regions of the set of genes which expression uniquely characterized the four phenotypes.ResultsThe largest differences in gene expression among the four groups occurred at maternal fetal interface in decidua, chorion and amnion. The gene expression profiles showed suppression of chemokines expression in TNL, withdrawal of this suppression in TL, activation of multiple pathways of inflammation in PL, and an immune rejection profile in PNL. The genes constituting expression signatures showed over-representation of three putative regulatory elements in their 5'and 3' UTR regions.ConclusionsThe results suggest that pregnancy is maintained by downregulation of chemokines at the maternal-fetal interface. Withdrawal of this downregulation results in the term birth and its overriding by the activation of multiple pathways of the immune system in the preterm birth. Complications of the pregnancy associated with impairment of placental function, which necessitated premature delivery of the fetus in the absence of labor, show gene expression patterns associated with immune rejection

CMB Comptonization by Energetic Nonthermal Electrons in Clusters of Galaxies

Use of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect as a precise cosmological probe necessitates a realistic assessment of all possible contributions to Comptonization of the cosmic microwave background in clusters of galaxies. We have calculated the additional intensity change due to various possible populations of energetic electrons that have been proposed in order to account for measurements of intracluster radio, nonthermal X-ray and (possibly also) EUV emission. Our properly normalized estimates of (the highly model dependent value of) the predicted intensity change due to these electrons is well below $\sim 6$ and $\sim 35$ of the usual Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect due to electrons in the hot gas in Coma and A2199, respectively. These levels constitute high upper limits since they are based on energetic electron populations whose energy densities are {\it comparable} to those of the thermal gas. The main impact of nonthermal Comptonization is a shift of the crossover frequency (where the thermal effect vanishes) to higher values. Such a shift would have important consequences for our ability to measure cluster peculiar velocities from the kinematic component of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

MITO measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in the Coma cluster of galaxies

We have measured the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect towards the Coma cluster (A1656) with the MITO experiment, a 2.6-m telescope equipped with a 4-channel 17 arcminute (FWHM) photometer. Measurements at frequency bands 143+/-15, 214+/-15, 272+/-16 and 353+/-13 GHz, were made during 120 drift scans of Coma. We describe the observations and data analysis that involved extraction of the S-Z signal by employing a spatial and spectral de-correlation scheme to remove a dominant atmospheric component. The deduced values of the thermal S-Z effect in the first three bands are DT_{0} = -179+/-38,-33+/-81,170+/-35 microKelvin in the cluster center. The corresponding optical depth, tau=(4.1+/-0.9) 10^{-3}, is consistent (within errors) with both the value from a previous low frequency S-Z measurement, and the value predicted from the X-ray deduced gas parameters.Comment: Ap.J.Letters accepted, 4 pages, 2 figure

Preparation, characterisation and entrapment of a non-glycosidic threitol ceramide into liposomes for presentation to invariant natural killer T cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to present glycolipids to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vivo. Very few compounds have been found to stimulate iNKT cells, and of these, the best characterised is the glycolipid a-galactosylceramide, which stimulates the production of large quantities of interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, aGalCer leads to overstimulation of iNKT cells. It has been demonstrated that the aGalCer analogue, threitol ceramide (ThrCer 2), successfully activates iNKT cells and overcomes the problematic iNKT cell activation-induced anergy. In this study, ThrCer 2 has been inserted into the bilayers of liposomes composed of a neutral lipid, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), or dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), a cationic lipid. Incorporation efficiencies of ThrCer within the liposomes was 96% for DSPC liposomes and 80% for DDA liposomes, with the vesicle size (large multilamellar vs. small unilamellar vesicles) making no significant difference. Langmuir-Blodgett studies suggest that both DSPC and DDA stack within the monolayer co-operatively with the ThrCer molecules with no condensing effect. In terms of cellular responses, IFN-? secretion was higher for cells treated with small DDA liposomes compared with the other liposome formulations, suggesting that ThrCer encapsulation in this liposome formulation resulted in a higher uptake by DCs